Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK.
Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Feb;3(1):74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.11.002. Epub 2012 Dec 1.
Aquaculture production is increasing rapidly worldwide. However, production has been associated with the emergence of several novel diseases, including viral diseases, that have caused serious problems for producers. Using examples largely from salmon farming in Scotland I review briefly the factors that allow transmission to occur in aquaculture. These include transmission through the water, which is relatively local to the infected farm, and anthropogenic transports (such as transport of fish between sites) that may occur over very long distances. A Disease Management Area (DMA) approach, as developed in Scotland to fight infectious salmon anaemia, can be effective at reducing pathogen transmission and hence disease emergence.
水产养殖的产量在全球范围内迅速增长。然而，生产过程中也出现了一些新的疾病，包括病毒性疾病，这给养殖户带来了严重的问题。我主要以苏格兰的鲑鱼养殖为例，简要回顾了允许疾病在水产养殖中传播的因素。这些因素包括通过水传播，这种传播相对局限于受感染的养殖场，以及人为的运输（例如在不同地点之间运输鱼类），这种运输可能发生在非常长的距离上。苏格兰为对抗传染性鲑鱼贫血症而开发的疾病管理区（DMA）方法可以有效地减少病原体的传播，从而减少疾病的出现。
