Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, Canada L7R 4A6.
Chemosphere. 2013 Oct;93(5):711-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.041. Epub 2012 Dec 1.
The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations.
本文综述了环状挥发性甲基硅氧烷（cVMS）八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）、十甲基环五硅氧烷（D5）和十二甲基环己硅氧烷（D6）在环境中的归宿和行为。评估了它们的使用数据和模式、物理化学性质、毒理学、分配和降解、检测方法和浓度。cVMS 作为硅酮聚合物、个人护理和家用产品形成过程中的中间体的使用导致了它们在环境中的广泛暴露；已在沼气、空气、水、土壤、生物固体、沉积物和生物群样本中检测到它们的存在。模型和实验结果表明，cVMS 可能会受到长距离大气传输的影响，但对北极地区的污染潜力较低。对于 D4 和 D5，在水生食物网中没有证据表明存在营养级生物放大作用，而一些水生生物表现出高度的生物浓缩和生物积累。室内空气和生物固体中高浓度的 cVMS 源自点源。水中、沉积物中和土壤中的 cVMS 浓度均低于无观察效应浓度。
