Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2012;106:35-73. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407178-0.00003-X.
During development and regeneration, growth cones guide neurites to their targets by altering their motility in response to extracellular guidance cues. One class of cues critical to nervous system development is the neurotrophins. Neurotrophin binding to their cognate receptors stimulates their endocytosis into signaling endosomes. Current data indicate that the spatiotemporal localization of signaling endosomes can direct diverse processes regulating cell motility, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal remodeling, adhesion dynamics, and local translation. Recent experiments manipulating signaling endosome localization in neuronal growth cones support these views and place the neurotrophin signaling endosome in a central role regulating growth cone motility during axon growth and regeneration.
在发育和再生过程中，生长锥通过改变其运动性来响应细胞外导向线索，从而引导神经突到达其靶标。神经递质是对神经系统发育至关重要的一类线索。神经递质与同源受体结合会刺激它们内吞进入信号内体。目前的数据表明，信号内体的时空定位可以指导调节细胞运动的多种过程，包括膜运输、细胞骨架重塑、黏附动力学和局部翻译。最近操纵神经元生长锥中信号内体定位的实验支持了这些观点，并将神经递质信号内体置于调节轴突生长和再生期间生长锥运动的核心位置。
