Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2650, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14051-140, Brazil,
Matern Child Health J. 2013 Dec;17(10):1825-34. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-1202-9.
The epidemiological dimension of mental health problems in childhood and its impact warrant new studies. Knowledge about the predictors of mental health in children is scant in developing countries. The present study estimated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Brazilian school-age children based on a community sample from primary health care services, with the aim of verifying the predictive value of biological, social, and familial risk factors in children's mental health. The study was performed with 120 children of both genders identified through their mothers. The children's mental health was evaluated by sociodemographic factors and a diagnostic interview conducted with parents. Biological, social, and familial risk factors were evaluated by the Supplemental Questionnaire and Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Of the 120 children, 45.8 % were diagnosed with at least one mental health disorder. Children with diagnoses of depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder presented evidence of greater exposure to risk factors compared with children without these psychiatric diagnoses. Children with more risk factors throughout their lifetime had greater comorbidities compared with children with a lower number of risk factors. The identification of groups exposed to interconnected risk factors represents a priority when planning mental health practices. The strong role of chronic familial risk factors needs to be emphasized because they are a possible target for the prevention of depressive and anxiety disorders.
儿童心理健康问题的流行病学维度及其影响值得进行新的研究。发展中国家对儿童心理健康预测因素的了解甚少。本研究基于初级卫生保健服务的社区样本，估计了巴西学龄儿童的精神障碍患病率，旨在验证儿童心理健康的生物学、社会和家庭风险因素的预测价值。该研究对 120 名男女儿童进行了研究，这些儿童是通过其母亲确定的。通过社会人口因素和对父母进行的诊断访谈评估儿童的心理健康。通过补充问卷和精神障碍诊断和统计手册，第 4 版的结构化临床访谈评估生物学、社会和家庭风险因素。在 120 名儿童中，45.8%被诊断出至少患有一种精神健康障碍。与没有这些精神科诊断的儿童相比，患有抑郁障碍和广泛性焦虑障碍的儿童有更多的风险因素暴露证据。一生中存在更多风险因素的儿童与存在较少风险因素的儿童相比，共病情况更为严重。确定暴露于相互关联的风险因素的群体是规划心理健康实践的优先事项。需要强调慢性家庭风险因素的重要作用，因为它们可能是预防抑郁和焦虑障碍的目标。
