Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Jul;15(7):1183-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts253. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Cigarette flavorings, with the exception of menthol, have been banned in the United States under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Given the large number of menthol cigarette smokers in the United States, we investigated whether cigarette type (nonmenthol or menthol) is associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD).
The authors studied 5,973 adults, 40 years of age and older, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004. Smoking status and cigarette type were derived from self-reported questionnaires. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial blood pressure index <0.9 in at least 1 leg.
Fifty percent of participants were never-smokers compared to 31%, 14%, and 5% of former, current nonmenthol, and current menthol cigarette smokers, respectively. The weighted prevalence of PAD in the study population was 5%. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios for PAD were 1.44 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.15), 3.65 (95% CI: 1.57, 8.50), and 2.51 (95% CI: 1.09, 5.80) comparing former, current nonmenthol cigarette smokers, and current menthol cigarette smokers to never-smokers. The associations between smoking and PAD were similar for smokers of nonmenthol and menthol cigarettes (p value for heterogeneity = .59).
In a representative sample of the U.S. population, current use of both menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes was associated with increased prevalence of PAD, with no difference in risk between cigarette types.
根据《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》，除薄荷醇外，美国已禁止使用香烟调味剂。考虑到美国有大量薄荷醇香烟吸烟者，我们调查了香烟类型（薄荷醇或非薄荷醇）是否与外周动脉疾病（PAD）有关。
作者研究了 5973 名年龄在 40 岁及以上的成年人，他们参加了 1999 年至 2004 年期间的国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）。吸烟状况和香烟类型是从自我报告的问卷中得出的。PAD 定义为至少 1 条腿的踝臂血压指数<0.9。
50%的参与者从未吸烟，而分别有 31%、14%和 5%的参与者为前吸烟者、当前非薄荷醇吸烟者和当前薄荷醇吸烟者。研究人群中 PAD 的加权患病率为 5%。在多变量调整后，与从不吸烟者相比，当前非薄荷醇吸烟者、当前薄荷醇吸烟者和当前薄荷醇吸烟者的 PAD 比值比分别为 1.44（95%可信区间：0.97，2.15）、3.65（95%可信区间：1.57，8.50）和 2.51（95%可信区间：1.09，5.80）。比较非薄荷醇和薄荷醇吸烟者的吸烟与 PAD 之间的关联（异质性 p 值<.59）。
在一项具有代表性的美国人群样本中，当前使用薄荷醇和非薄荷醇香烟与 PAD 患病率增加相关，而两种香烟类型的风险无差异。
