科学和工程在量化和控制深海地平线石油泄漏中的应用。
Applications of science and engineering to quantify and control the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
机构信息
US Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Reston, VA 20192, USA.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 11;109(50):20222-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1214389109. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Abstract
The unprecedented engagement of scientists from government, academia, and industry enabled multiple unanticipated and unique problems to be addressed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. During the months between the initial blowout on April 20, 2010, and the final well kill on September 19, 2010, researchers prepared options, analyses of tradeoffs, assessments, and calculations of uncertainties associated with the flow rate of the well, well shut in, killing the well, and determination of the location of oil released into the environment. This information was used in near real time by the National Incident Commander and other government decision-makers. It increased transparency into BP's proposed actions and gave the government confidence that, at each stage proposed, courses of action had been thoroughly vetted to reduce risk to human life and the environment and improve chances of success.
摘要
空前规模的政府、学术界和工业界科学家的参与，使得在深水地平线石油泄漏事件期间能够解决多个意外的和独特的问题。在 2010 年 4 月 20 日最初的井喷和 2010 年 9 月 19 日最终的油井封堵之间的几个月里，研究人员为油井的流量、油井关闭、封堵油井以及确定释放到环境中的石油位置等相关问题准备了各种方案、权衡分析、评估和不确定性计算。这些信息被国家事故指挥官和其他政府决策者实时使用。这增加了对 BP 提议的行动的透明度，并使政府相信，在每个提议的阶段，拟议的行动都经过了彻底审查，以降低对人类生命和环境的风险，并提高成功的机会。
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