Wokaunn Mario, Fatović-Ferencić Stella, Jurić Ivan, Bekić Marijo
Dubrovnik General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2012 Sep;36(3):987-95.
The epidemic of cholera that took place in the Neretva basin in 1886 was part of the fifth pandemic wave that was spreading throughout Europe. Based on the death records, vital statistics and the newspaper articles from that period, in this paper we present the emergence and the course this epidemic. In the context of analysis and experience of the epidemic of cholera in the lower Neretva basin, the newspaper articles have been recognized as a sensitive register of the changes of behavioural patterns, the way of speaking, the mechanisms of reacting and adjusting to the spreading epidemic, but also the resistance to it. It is based on this material that we can make conclusions about the relationship between the individual and the collective in the time of danger, as well as about the particularities of historical events that have been left out in other sources. Two potential paths for cholera to enter the area of the lower Neretva basin have been identified: one from the sea and the other from land, via the neighbouring country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Quarantine measures had been taken in order to prevent the onslaught of the epidemic, a sanitary cordon was organized, disinfection of the land was carried out and a cholera hospital organized in Metković. However, despite the undertaken measures, an inefficiency of the government organs was obvious, because their actions mainly applied to formal fulfilment of anti-epidemic measures and they quite easily handed over individual initiatives to physicians. The analysis of strategies concerning the application of anti-epidemic measures in the past can be useful for learning more about the multilayered nature of social mechanisms in the time of epidemics, which makes it convincing and valuable even in the present day.
1886年发生在内雷特瓦河流域的霍乱疫情是当时正在欧洲蔓延的第五次霍乱大流行浪潮的一部分。基于当时的死亡记录、人口动态统计数据和报纸文章，我们在本文中呈现了此次疫情的出现及发展过程。结合对内雷特瓦河下游流域霍乱疫情的分析和经验来看，报纸文章已被视为行为模式变化、说话方式、应对和适应疫情蔓延机制以及对疫情抵抗情况的敏感记录。基于这些材料，我们能够得出关于危险时期个人与集体之间关系的结论，以及其他资料中未提及的历史事件的特殊性。已确定霍乱进入内雷特瓦河下游流域的两条可能途径：一条是从海上，另一条是从陆地，经邻国波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那传入。为防止疫情来袭采取了检疫措施，组织了卫生警戒线，对土地进行了消毒，并在梅特科维奇设立了一家霍乱医院。然而，尽管采取了这些措施，政府机构的低效是显而易见的，因为他们的行动主要是为了形式上履行抗疫措施，而且很轻易地就把个人倡议交给了医生。对过去抗疫措施应用策略的分析，有助于更深入了解疫情时期社会机制的多层次性质，即使在当今，这也使其具有说服力和价值。
