Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:23-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183802. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
The vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and is composed of a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells and pericytes, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to influence the tone and structure of the vessel wall; to initiate and perpetuate chronic vascular inflammation; and to stimulate expansion of the vasa vasorum, which can act as a conduit for continued inflammatory and progenitor cell delivery to the vessel wall. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of vascular wall function and structure from the outside in.
血管外膜作为血管壁功能的关键调节因子的摄取、整合、储存和释放的生物学处理中心。它是血管壁最复杂的部分，由多种细胞组成，包括成纤维细胞、免疫调节细胞（树突状细胞和巨噬细胞）、祖细胞、血管周细胞和肾上腺素能神经。在血管应激或损伤时，常驻的外膜细胞通常是最早被激活并重新编程，以影响血管壁的张力和结构；启动和持续慢性血管炎症；并刺激血管周细胞的扩张，这可以作为持续向血管壁输送炎症细胞和祖细胞的通道。这篇综述介绍了目前的证据，表明外膜从外向内作为血管壁功能和结构的关键调节者。
