Zhao Tianming, Xuan Kun, Liu Haixia, Chen Xin, Qu Guangbo, Wu Yile, Zhang Jian, Sun Yehuan
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China.
Department of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China.
Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2021 Oct 8;20(1):123-136. doi: 10.1007/s41105-021-00348-3. eCollection 2022 Jan.
This study aimed to explore the prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschool children in rural areas of China and identify the underlying associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Anhui Province, China, from September 2019 to January 2020. The caregivers of children from 26 kindergartens completed the demographic questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the adapted Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulties (IMFeD) tool. One-way analysis of variance, independent-samples t-test, and hierarchical multiple linear regression were conducted to explore the potential influencing factors of sleep disturbances in preschool children. For the specific sleep disturbances based on each subscale of the CSHQ, bedtime resistance (54.9%) and sleep anxiety (47.9%) were the most common types of sleep disturbances, followed by daytime sleepiness (21.3%), sleep duration (20.8%), parasomnias (16.5%), sleep-onset delay (12.6%), night wakings (12.2%) and sleep-disordered breathing (10.3%). The ages of children, children's emotional/behavioral problems, children's feeding difficulties, inconsistent parenting attitudes of parents, poor parenting styles, non-parent caregivers, and caregiver anxiety contributed significantly to the CSHQ total score, accounting for approximately 27.1% (R = 0.271) of the variance. Our study indicates that the prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschool children in rural areas of China is quite high. Furthermore, the potential risk factors are complicated, including factors related to both children and their caregivers.
本研究旨在探讨中国农村地区学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的患病率，并确定其潜在的相关因素。2019年9月至2020年1月在中国安徽省农村地区进行了一项横断面研究。来自26所幼儿园的儿童看护人完成了人口统计学问卷、儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）、长处与困难问卷（SDQ）、自评焦虑量表（SAS）以及改编后的喂养困难识别与管理（IMFeD）工具。采用单因素方差分析、独立样本t检验和分层多元线性回归来探讨学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的潜在影响因素。基于CSHQ各子量表的具体睡眠障碍中，睡前抗拒（54.9%）和睡眠焦虑（47.9%）是最常见的睡眠障碍类型，其次是日间嗜睡（21.3%）、睡眠时间（20.8%）、异态睡眠（16.5%）、入睡延迟（12.6%）、夜间觉醒（12.2%）和睡眠呼吸紊乱（10.3%）。儿童年龄、儿童情绪/行为问题、儿童喂养困难、父母养育态度不一致、不良养育方式、非父母看护人以及看护人焦虑对CSHQ总分有显著影响，约占方差的27.1%（R = 0.271）。我们的研究表明，中国农村地区学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的患病率相当高。此外，潜在风险因素复杂，包括与儿童及其看护人相关的因素。
