Morrall Peter, Goodman Benny
Leeds Institute of Health and Social Work, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Nurse Educ Today. 2013 Sep;33(9):935-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.11.011. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
When in the latter part of the 20th century nurse 'training' in the UK left the old schools of nursing (based within the health delivery system) and entered universities, the promise was not just a change of focus from training to education but an embracement of 'higher' education. Specifically, nurses were to be exposed to the demands of thinking rather than just doing - and critical thinking at that. However, despite a history of critical perspectives informing nursing theory, that promise may be turning sour. The insidious saturation of the university system in bureaucracy and managerialism has, we argue, undermined critical thinking. A major funding restructuring of higher education in the UK, coinciding with public concern about the state of nursing practice, is undermining further the viability of critical thinking in nursing and potentially the acceptability of university education for nurses. Nevertheless, while critical thinking in universities has decayed, there is no obvious educational alternative that can provide this core attribute, one that is even more necessary to understand health and promote competent nursing practice in an increasingly complex and globalising world. We propose that nurse academics and their colleagues from many other academic and professional disciplines engage in collegiate 'moral action' to re-establish critical thinking in UK universities.
在20世纪后期，英国的护士“培训”脱离了旧有的护理学校（基于医疗服务体系内部）并进入了大学。当时所承诺的不仅是从培训到教育的重点转变，更是对“高等”教育的接纳。具体而言，护士们不仅要接触实践，更要接受思考的要求——而且是批判性思维的要求。然而，尽管批判性视角在护理理论发展历程中一直存在，但这一承诺可能正在落空。我们认为，大学系统中官僚主义和管理主义的悄然渗透已经削弱了批判性思维。英国高等教育的一项重大资金重组，恰逢公众对护理实践状况的关注，这进一步削弱了护理领域批判性思维的可行性，甚至可能影响大学护理教育的可接受性。尽管大学中的批判性思维已经衰退，但却没有明显的教育替代方案能够提供这一核心特质，而在一个日益复杂和全球化的世界中，理解健康并促进胜任的护理实践，这一特质变得更加必要。我们建议，护士学者以及来自许多其他学术和专业学科的同事们共同采取“道德行动”，在英国大学中重新树立批判性思维。
