Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2013 Jul;16(4):312-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.001. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
Health benefits from children's independent mobility and active travel beyond school travel are largely unexplored.
This review synthesized the evidence for associations of independent mobility and active travel to various destinations with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and weight status.
Systematic review.
A systematic search in six databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PsychInfo, TRIS) for papers published between January 1990 and March 2012 was undertaken, focussing on children aged 3-18 years. Study inclusion and methodological quality were independently assessed by two reviewers.
52 studies were included. Most studies focussed solely on active travel to and/or from school, and showed significant positive associations with physical activity. The same relationship was detected for active travel to leisure-related places and independent mobility with physical activity. An inverse relationship between active travel to school and weight status was evident but findings were inconsistent. Few studies examined correlations between active travel to school and self-reported screen-time or objectively measured sedentary behaviour, and findings were unclear.
Studies on independent mobility suggested that children who have the freedom to play outdoors and travel actively without adult supervision accumulate more physical activity than those who do not. Further investigation of children's active travel to leisure-related destinations, measurement of diverse sedentary behaviour beyond simply screen-based activities, and consistent thresholds for objectively measured sedentary behaviour in children will clarify the inconsistent evidence base on associations of active travel with sedentary behaviour and weight status.
儿童独立出行和积极出行的健康益处在很大程度上尚未得到探索。
本综述综合了与各种目的地的独立出行和积极出行与身体活动、久坐行为和体重状况之间关联的证据。
系统综述。
对六个数据库（PubMed、Scopus、CINAHL、SportDiscus、PsychInfo、TRIS）进行了系统搜索，检索时间为 1990 年 1 月至 2012 年 3 月期间发表的文献，重点关注年龄在 3-18 岁的儿童。两名评审员独立评估研究纳入和方法学质量。
共纳入 52 项研究。大多数研究仅集中于上学和/或放学的积极出行，与身体活动呈显著正相关。同样的关系也存在于与休闲相关的地方的积极出行和独立出行与身体活动之间。积极上学与体重状况呈负相关，但结果不一致。很少有研究探讨上学的积极出行与自我报告的屏幕时间或客观测量的久坐行为之间的相关性，且结果不明确。
关于独立出行的研究表明，与没有成人监督的情况下自由进行户外活动和积极出行的儿童相比，那些没有这种自由的儿童的身体活动量较少。进一步研究儿童前往休闲相关目的地的积极出行，测量除基于屏幕的活动之外的各种久坐行为，并在儿童中确定一致的客观测量久坐行为的阈值，将有助于澄清关于积极出行与久坐行为和体重状况之间关联的不一致证据基础。
