Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Mar;26(3):253-60. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.022. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
The highest incidence of seizures in humans occurs during the first year of life. The high susceptibility to seizures in neonates and infants is paralleled by animal studies showing a high propensity to seizures during early life. The immature brain is highly susceptible to seizures because of an imbalance of excitation and inhibition. While the primary outcome determinant of early-life seizures is etiology, there is evidence that seizures which are frequent or prolonged can result in long-term adverse consequences, and there is a consensus that recurrent early-life seizures should be treated. Unfortunately, seizures in many neonates and children remain refractory to therapy. There is therefore a pressing need for new seizure drugs as well as antiepileptic targets in children. In this review, we focus on mechanisms of early-life seizures, such as hypoxia-ischemia, and novel molecular targets, including the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.
人类癫痫发作的最高发病率发生在生命的第一年。新生儿和婴儿对癫痫发作的高度易感性与动物研究一致，这些研究表明在生命早期癫痫发作的倾向很高。由于兴奋和抑制之间的不平衡，不成熟的大脑极易受到癫痫发作的影响。虽然早期癫痫发作的主要结局决定因素是病因，但有证据表明频繁或长时间的癫痫发作会导致长期的不良后果，并且人们普遍认为反复发生的早期癫痫发作应该得到治疗。不幸的是，许多新生儿和儿童的癫痫发作仍然对治疗有抗药性。因此，迫切需要针对儿童的新型抗癫痫药物和靶点。在这篇综述中，我们专注于生命早期癫痫发作的机制，如缺氧缺血，以及新的分子靶点，包括超极化激活环核苷酸门控通道。
