School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Nutrients. 2012 Dec 6;4(12):1958-76. doi: 10.3390/nu4121958.
Nutrition during pregnancy can induce alterations in offspring phenotype. Maternal ratio of protein to non-protein (P:NP) energy has been linked to variations in offspring body composition and adult risk of metabolic disease. This study describes the dietary patterns of pregnant women by tertiles of the P:NP ratio and compares diet to Australian recommendations. Data are from 179 Australian women enrolled in the Women and Their Children's Health Study. Diet was assessed using a validated 74-item food frequency questionnaire. Food group servings and nutrient intakes were compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Higher maternal P:NP tertile was positively associated with calcium (P = 0.003), zinc (P = 0.001) and servings of dairy (P = 0.001) and meat (P = 0.001) food groups, and inversely associated with the energy dense, nutrient poor non-core (P = 0.003) food group. Micronutrient intakes were optimized with intermediate protein (18%E-20%E), intermediate fat (28%E-30%E) and intermediate carbohydrate (50%E-54%E) intakes, as indicated in tertile two. Results suggest a moderate protein intake may support pregnant women to consume the largest variety of nutrients across all food groups.
孕期营养可导致后代表型改变。母体蛋白质与非蛋白质（P:NP）能量的比例与后代身体成分和成年后代谢性疾病的风险变化有关。本研究通过 P:NP 比值的三分位数描述了孕妇的饮食模式，并将其与澳大利亚的推荐饮食进行了比较。数据来自于参加妇女及其儿童健康研究的 179 名澳大利亚女性。饮食通过经过验证的 74 项食物频率问卷进行评估。与澳大利亚健康饮食指南和澳大利亚营养素参考值相比，比较了食物组的份量和营养素摄入量。较高的母体 P:NP 三分位数与钙（P = 0.003）、锌（P = 0.001）以及奶制品（P = 0.001）和肉类（P = 0.001）食物组的份量呈正相关，与能量密集、营养贫瘠的非核心（P = 0.003）食物组呈负相关。中等蛋白质（18%E-20%E）、中等脂肪（28%E-30%E）和中等碳水化合物（50%E-54%E）摄入量的中间值优化了微量营养素的摄入，如三分位数二所示。结果表明，适度的蛋白质摄入可能有助于孕妇在所有食物组中摄入最多种类的营养物质。
