在中国北京的精神病医院和城市污水处理厂中 22 种精神类药物的检测、出现和归宿。
Detection, occurrence and fate of 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals in psychiatric hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China.
机构信息
School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
出版信息
Chemosphere. 2013 Mar;90(10):2520-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.089. Epub 2012 Dec 8.
The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) method coupled with an automated solid-phase extraction procedure has been developed to identify 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals, including seven anxiolytic-sedative-hypnotics, six antidepressants, and nine anti-schizophrenia drugs, in wastewater samples from two psychiatric hospital wastewater treatment plants (P-WWTPs) and three municipal wastewater treatment plants (M-WWTPs) in Beijing, China. Analyte recoveries from spiking experiments in the WWTP influent and effluent at three concentrations ranged from 70% to 110%, excluding sulpiride, ziprasidone, and olanzapine. Method detection limits for five, eight, and nine analytes in the WWTP influent and effluent were 20-80, 1-16, and <1 ng L(-1), respectively. High psychiatric pharmaceutical concentrations (e.g., ∼942 ng L(-1) oxazepam, 5552-12,782 ng L(-1) clozapine, 2762-9832 ng L(-1) sulpiride, and 2030-4967 ng L(-1) quetiapine) were frequently observed in P-WWTP influent compared to M-WWTPs. Although P-WWTPs typically had higher removal rates, significantly higher concentrations of the target compounds were observed in the P-WWTP secondary effluent than in the M-WWTP influent (e.g., ∼752 ng L(-1) oxazepam, ∼8183 ng L(-1) clozapine, ∼10,833 ng L(-1) sulpiride, and ∼1168 ng L(-1) quetiapine). Thus, the discharge control of psychiatric pharmaceuticals from psychiatric hospitals requires improvement.
已开发出一种液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）方法，并结合自动化固相萃取程序，以鉴定来自中国北京的两家精神病医院污水处理厂（P-WWTP）和三家城市污水处理厂（M-WWTP）废水中的 22 种精神科药物，包括 7 种镇静-催眠药、6 种抗抑郁药和 9 种抗精神病药。在 WWTP 进水和出水的三个浓度下进行加标实验，分析物的回收率在 70%至 110%之间，排除舒必利、齐拉西酮和奥氮平。五种、八种和九种分析物在 WWTP 进水和出水的方法检测限分别为 20-80、1-16 和 <1ng/L。在 P-WWTP 进水处经常观察到高浓度的精神科药物（例如，约 942ng/L 的奥沙西泮、5552-12782ng/L 的氯氮平、2762-9832ng/L 的舒必利和 2030-4967ng/L 的喹硫平），而 M-WWTP 中则没有。尽管 P-WWTP 通常具有较高的去除率，但在 P-WWTP 二级出水中观察到的目标化合物浓度明显高于 M-WWTP 进水（例如，约 752ng/L 的奥沙西泮、约 8183ng/L 的氯氮平、约 10833ng/L 的舒必利和约 1168ng/L 的喹硫平）。因此，需要改善精神病医院对精神科药物的排放控制。
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