Vision Science Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Jan 21;54(1):602-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-11066.
We describe the profile and associations of anisometropia and aniso-astigmatism in a population-based sample of children.
The Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction (NICER) study used a stratified random cluster design to recruit a representative sample of children from schools in Northern Ireland. Examinations included cycloplegic (1% cyclopentolate) autorefraction, and measures of axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature. χ(2) tests were used to assess variations in the prevalence of anisometropia and aniso-astigmatism by age group, with logistic regression used to compare odds of anisometropia and aniso-astigmatism with refractive status (myopia, emmetropia, hyperopia). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine interocular differences in ocular biometry.
Data from 661 white children aged 12 to 13 years (50.5% male) and 389 white children aged 6 to 7 years (49.6% male) are presented. The prevalence of anisometropia ≥1 diopters sphere (DS) did not differ statistically significantly between 6- to 7-year-old (8.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-13.1) and 12- to 13-year-old (9.4%; 95% CI, 5.9-12.9) children. The prevalence of aniso-astigmatism ≥1 diopters cylinder (DC) did not vary statistically significantly between 6- to 7-year-old (7.7%; 95% CI, 4.3-11.2) and 12- to 13-year-old (5.6%; 95% CI, 0.5-8.1) children. Anisometropia and aniso-astigmatism were more common in 12- to 13-year-old children with hyperopia ≥+2 DS. Anisometropic eyes had greater axial length asymmetry than nonanisometropic eyes. Aniso-astigmatic eyes were more asymmetric in axial length and corneal astigmatism than eyes without aniso-astigmatism.
In this population, there is a high prevalence of axial anisometropia and corneal/axial aniso-astigmatism, associated with hyperopia, but whether these relations are causal is unclear. Further work is required to clarify the developmental mechanism behind these associations.
我们描述了在一个基于人群的儿童样本中屈光不正和散光的特征和相关性。
北爱尔兰儿童屈光不正（NICER）研究采用分层随机聚类设计，从北爱尔兰的学校中招募具有代表性的儿童样本。检查包括睫状肌麻痹（1%环戊通）自动折射和眼轴长度、前房深度和角膜曲率的测量。χ(2)检验用于评估不同年龄组屈光不正和散光的患病率差异，逻辑回归用于比较屈光不正和散光与屈光状态（近视、正视、远视）的可能性。曼-惠特尼 U 检验用于检查眼生物测量的双眼间差异。
本研究共纳入 661 名 12 至 13 岁的白人儿童（50.5%为男性）和 389 名 6 至 7 岁的白人儿童（49.6%为男性）。6 至 7 岁（8.5%；95%置信区间 [CI]，3.9-13.1）和 12 至 13 岁（9.4%；95% CI，5.9-12.9）儿童的等效球镜（DS）屈光不正≥1 屈光度的患病率无统计学差异。6 至 7 岁（7.7%；95% CI，4.3-11.2）和 12 至 13 岁（5.6%；95% CI，0.5-8.1）儿童的等效柱镜（DC）散光的患病率无统计学差异。12 至 13 岁远视≥+2 DS 的儿童中，屈光不正和散光更为常见。屈光不正眼的眼轴长度不对称性大于非屈光不正眼。与无散光眼相比，散光眼的眼轴长度和角膜散光更不对称。
在该人群中，轴向屈光不正和角膜/轴向散光的患病率较高，与远视有关，但这些关系是否具有因果关系尚不清楚。需要进一步的工作来阐明这些关联背后的发育机制。
