School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jun 8;52(7):4048-53. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-6100.
To study the prevalence of and relation between refractive and corneal astigmatism in white school children in Northern Ireland and to describe the association between refractive astigmatism and refractive error.
Stratified random clustering was used to recruit 1053 white children, 392 aged 6-7 years and 661 aged 12-13 years. Eye examinations included cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometric measures of axial length and corneal curvature.
The prevalence of refractive astigmatism (≥ 1 DC) did not differ significantly between 6- to 7-year-old children (24%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19-30) and 12- to 13-year-old children (20%; 95% CI, 14-25). The prevalence of corneal astigmatism (≥ 1 DC) also did not differ significantly between 6- to 7-year-old children (29%; 95% CI, 24-34) and 12- to 13-year-old children (25%; 95% CI, 21-28). While levels of refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism were similar, refractive astigmatism was predominantly oblique (76%; 95% CI, 67-85, of 6- to 7-year-olds; 59%; 95% CI, 48-70, of 12- to 13-year-olds), but corneal astigmatism was predominantly with-the-rule (80%; 95% CI, 72-87, of 6- to 7-year-olds; 82%; 95% CI, 74-90, of 12- to 13-year-olds). The prevalence of refractive astigmatism was associated with increasing myopia and hyperopia.
This study is the first to provide robust population-based data on the prevalence of astigmatism in white school children in the United Kingdom. The prevalence of refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism is stable between 6 and 7 years and 12 and 13 years, although this finding would need to be confirmed by prospective studies. There is a high prevalence of refractive and corneal astigmatism which is associated with ametropia.
研究北爱尔兰白人学童中屈光性和角膜性散光的患病率及两者之间的关系，并描述屈光性散光与屈光不正之间的关系。
采用分层随机聚类法招募了 1053 名白人儿童，其中 392 名年龄为 6-7 岁，661 名年龄为 12-13 岁。眼部检查包括睫状肌麻痹自动验光和眼轴及角膜曲率的眼生物测量。
6-7 岁儿童（24%；95%置信区间[CI]，19-30）和 12-13 岁儿童（20%；95%CI，14-25）中屈光性散光（≥1 屈光度[DC]）的患病率无显著差异。角膜散光（≥1 DC）在 6-7 岁儿童（29%；95%CI，24-34）和 12-13 岁儿童（25%；95%CI，21-28）中也无显著差异。尽管屈光性散光和角膜散光的水平相似，但屈光性散光主要为斜向散光（6-7 岁儿童中为 76%；95%CI，67-85%；12-13 岁儿童中为 59%；95%CI，48-70%），而角膜散光主要为顺规散光（6-7 岁儿童中为 80%；95%CI，72-87%；12-13 岁儿童中为 82%；95%CI，74-90%）。屈光性散光的患病率与近视和远视的增加有关。
本研究首次提供了英国白人学童中散光患病率的可靠人群数据。6 岁至 7 岁和 12 岁至 13 岁之间，屈光性散光和角膜性散光的患病率是稳定的，尽管这一发现需要前瞻性研究来证实。屈光性和角膜性散光的患病率都很高，且与屈光不正有关。
