Kehl Karen A, Kowalkowski Jennifer A
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53792, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013 Sep;30(6):601-16. doi: 10.1177/1049909112468222. Epub 2012 Dec 12.
To optimally manage patient care, knowledge of the prevalence of signs of impending death and common symptoms in the last days is needed. Two reviewers independently conducted searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and the Web of Knowledge from January, 1996 to May, 2012. No limits to publication language or patient diagnosis were imposed. Peer reviewed studies of adults that included contemporaneous documentation of signs and symptoms were included. Articles were excluded if they assessed symptoms by proxy or did not provide information on prevalence. Reviewers independently extracted data. Twelve articles, representing 2416 patients, in multiple settings were analyzed. Of the 43 unique symptoms, those with the highest prevalence were: dyspnea (56.7%), pain (52.4%), respiratory secretions/death rattle (51.4%), and confusion (50.1%). Overall prevalence may be useful in anticipating symptoms in the final days and in preparing families for signs of impending death.
为了优化患者护理管理，需要了解濒死迹象的发生率以及临终前的常见症状。两名评审员独立检索了1996年1月至2012年5月期间的PubMed、CINAHL、PsychINFO和知识网络。对出版语言或患者诊断没有限制。纳入了对成年人进行的同行评审研究，这些研究包括对症状和体征的同期记录。如果文章通过代理人评估症状或未提供患病率信息，则将其排除。评审员独立提取数据。对来自多个机构的12篇文章（代表2416名患者）进行了分析。在43种独特症状中，患病率最高的症状是：呼吸困难（56.7%）、疼痛（52.4%）、呼吸道分泌物/临终喉鸣（51.4%）和意识模糊（50.1%）。总体患病率可能有助于预测临终前的症状，并让家属为濒死迹象做好准备。
