Weber Douglas J, Friesen Rebecca, Miller Lee E
Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Mot Behav. 2012;44(6):403-18. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2012.735283.
State-of-the-art upper extremity prostheses include anthropomorphic hands with dexterity that approximates that of a human. To be fully useful, these devices will require an advanced somatosensory neural interface to convey tactile and proprioceptive feedback to the user. To this end, microstimulation methods are being developed using microelectrode arrays implanted at various locations along the somatosensory neuraxis, from peripheral nerves to primary somatosensory cortex. There is presently no consensus as to the best approach, although results from animal and human studies lend support for each. The purpose of this review is to outline practical considerations for the design of a somatosensory interface based on present knowledge of the anatomy and physiology, prior attempts to elicit somatic sensations using electrical stimulation, and lessons learned from successful sensory neuroprostheses such as the cochlear implant.
最先进的上肢假肢包括具有接近人类灵巧性的拟人化手部。为了充分发挥作用，这些设备将需要先进的体感神经接口，以便向用户传达触觉和本体感觉反馈。为此，正在开发微刺激方法，使用沿着体感神经轴从周围神经到初级体感皮层的不同位置植入的微电极阵列。目前对于最佳方法尚无共识，尽管动物和人体研究的结果都为各自提供了支持。本综述的目的是根据目前的解剖学和生理学知识、先前使用电刺激引发躯体感觉的尝试以及从成功的感觉神经假体（如人工耳蜗）中吸取的经验教训，概述体感接口设计的实际考虑因素。
