School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Apr;226(3):601-13. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2932-5. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
Affective states are known to influence behaviour in humans resulting in cognitive affective biases, which may play an important role in the development and treatment of mood disorders. Similar biases have recently been shown in animals, including the rat, providing an opportunity to investigate these processes in non-human species.
This study sought to investigate the psychopharmacology of cognitive affective bias in rats using systemic treatments with anxiolytic (diazepam) and antidepressant drugs (reboxetine or fluoxetine).
Lister hooded rats were trained to discriminate two distinct tones and respond on the appropriate lever to either obtain reward (food) or avoid punishment (mild foot shock). Cognitive affective bias, following acute or chronic drug treatment, was investigated using test sessions where both reference tones and intermediate ambiguous tones were included.
Rats exhibited a negative judgement bias under vehicle conditions which was not significantly attenuated by any of the acute drug treatments, diazepam (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg), reboxetine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) or fluoxetine 0.1-1.0 mg/kg). Acute reboxetine induced a significant and dose-dependent decrease in the anticipation of reward. Chronic treatment with fluoxetine tended to reduce the negative bias observed in the rats after 1 week of treatment although no significant main effect of treatment was observed.
The results from these initial psychopharmacological studies show that drug treatments can differentially affect motivation to respond to cues associated with reward versus punishment. Our data also suggest that cognitive affective bias, quantified using this method, may be sensitive to chronic but not acute antidepressant treatment.
众所周知，情绪状态会影响人类的行为，导致认知情感偏见，而这些偏见可能在情绪障碍的发展和治疗中起着重要作用。最近在动物身上也出现了类似的偏见，包括大鼠，这为在非人类物种中研究这些过程提供了机会。
本研究旨在使用抗焦虑药（地西泮）和抗抑郁药（瑞波西汀或氟西汀）的全身治疗，研究大鼠认知情感偏见的精神药理学。
Lister Hooded 大鼠被训练区分两种不同的音调，并通过适当的杠杆做出反应，以获得奖励（食物）或避免惩罚（轻度电击）。在包括参考音调和中间模糊音的测试中，急性或慢性药物治疗后，研究认知情感偏见。
在对照条件下，大鼠表现出负性判断偏差，但急性药物治疗（地西泮 0.3、1.0mg/kg、瑞波西汀 0.3-3.0mg/kg 或氟西汀 0.1-1.0mg/kg）均未明显减轻。急性瑞波西汀诱导与奖励相关的预期奖励明显且剂量依赖性下降。尽管未观察到治疗的主要影响，但慢性氟西汀治疗一周后，大鼠的负性偏差有减少的趋势。
这些初步精神药理学研究的结果表明，药物治疗可以以不同的方式影响对与奖励和惩罚相关的线索做出反应的动机。我们的数据还表明，使用这种方法量化的认知情感偏见可能对慢性但不是急性抗抑郁治疗敏感。
