Olszowski Tomasz, Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena, Gutowska Izabela, Chlubek Dariusz
Department of Hygiene, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Acta Biochim Pol. 2012;59(4):475-82. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
Cadmium is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal that nowadays constitutes a serious environmental health problem. The aim of this study is to review the effects of cadmium on selected inflammatory mediators and markers, such as NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β cytokines, IL-8 or MIP-2 chemokine, MPO, iNOS, MMPs and COX-2 enzymes, PGE(2) (product of COX-2 enzyme), ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 adhesion molecules, and CRP. The research strategy identified articles available in Medline, published between 1998 and 2012; we included both in vivo and in vitro studies carried out on humans and rodents. Most of the reviewed research findings suggest that cadmium in micromolar concentrations (especially in the 1-10 μM range) causes up-regulation of the mediators and markers of inflammation, and appears to have pro-inflammatory properties. However, it is worth mentioning that a contradictory or even opposite hypothesis exists, which suggests cadmium to be an anti-inflammatory factor. Further research including detailed histological analyses should solve this discrepancy. Nevertheless, it appears that the main reason for these contradictory findings is the experimental setup: different biological systems analyzed and different doses of cadmium applied.
镉是一种有毒的致癌重金属，如今已构成严重的环境卫生问题。本研究的目的是综述镉对某些炎症介质和标志物的影响，如核因子-κB（NF-κB）和活化蛋白-1（AP-1）转录因子、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）细胞因子、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）或巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-2（MIP-2）趋化因子、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、前列腺素E2（PGE2，COX-2酶的产物）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）和平板内皮细胞黏附分子-1（PECAM-1）以及C反应蛋白（CRP）。研究策略确定了1998年至2012年间发表在医学在线数据库（Medline）上的文章；我们纳入了对人类和啮齿动物进行的体内和体外研究。大多数综述研究结果表明，微摩尔浓度的镉（尤其是在1-10μM范围内）会导致炎症介质和标志物的上调，并且似乎具有促炎特性。然而，值得一提的是，存在一个矛盾甚至相反的假设，即认为镉是一种抗炎因子。包括详细组织学分析在内的进一步研究应能解决这一差异。尽管如此，这些矛盾结果的主要原因似乎在于实验设置：所分析的不同生物系统以及所应用的不同镉剂量。
