Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, UK.
BJOG. 2013 Jan;120(2):180-186. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12074.
To estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its subtypes in women in rural Pakistan, associated factors, severity and impact on daily life.
Population-based, cross-sectional study.
A rural community in Sindh Province, Pakistan.
Randomly selected women aged 15 years or older.
A three-level random sampling strategy was used to select women: a random sample of health centres; a random sample of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) from each health centre; and a random sample of women in the LHW catchment areas. The LHWs used an interview-based structured questionnaire to collect data from women.
Urinary incontinence reported by women.
Among the 5064 participants (response rate 95.8%) the prevalence of any UI was 11.5% (581/5064; 95% CI 10.6-12.3). The most common subtype was stress incontinence, with a prevalence of 4.7% (95% CI 4.1-5.3), followed by urge incontinence, with a prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI 2.7-3.7), mixed incontinence, with a prevalence of 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.2), other incontinence, with a prevalence of 0.4% (95% CI 0.2-0.5) and continuous incontinence, with a prevalence of 0.5% (95% CI 0.3-0.6). Older age, higher parity and marriage at an early age were independently associated with UI. We found that 52% of women with UI reported leakage at least daily, and 45% reported a great or moderate impact on their daily life. Only 15.7% of women with UI had consulted a doctor.
The prevalence of UI reported in rural Pakistan was lower than is generally found in studies from the developed world, but among the women affected it commonly occurred on a daily basis and impacted on their everyday lives, yet few had obtained medical advice.
估计巴基斯坦农村女性中尿失禁（UI）及其亚型的患病率、相关因素、严重程度和对日常生活的影响。
基于人群的横断面研究。
巴基斯坦信德省的一个农村社区。
年龄在 15 岁及以上的随机选择的女性。
采用三级随机抽样策略选择女性：卫生中心的随机样本；每个卫生中心的随机 Lady Health Workers（LHW）样本；以及 LHW 服务范围内的随机女性样本。LHW 使用基于访谈的结构化问卷从女性那里收集数据。
女性报告的尿失禁。
在 5064 名参与者中（应答率为 95.8%），任何 UI 的患病率为 11.5%（581/5064；95%CI 10.6-12.3）。最常见的亚型是压力性尿失禁，患病率为 4.7%（95%CI 4.1-5.3），其次是急迫性尿失禁，患病率为 3.2%（95%CI 2.7-3.7），混合性尿失禁，患病率为 2.8%（95%CI 2.3-3.2），其他尿失禁，患病率为 0.4%（95%CI 0.2-0.5），持续性尿失禁，患病率为 0.5%（95%CI 0.3-0.6）。年龄较大、产次较多和早婚与 UI 独立相关。我们发现，52%的 UI 女性报告至少每天漏尿，45%报告对日常生活有较大或中度影响。只有 15.7%的 UI 女性看过医生。
在巴基斯坦农村地区报告的 UI 患病率低于发达国家研究中通常发现的患病率，但在受影响的女性中，它通常每天发生，并对她们的日常生活产生影响，但很少有女性获得医疗建议。
