Angulo Víctor Manuel, Esteban Lyda, Luna Katherine Paola
Universidad Industrial de Santander, km 2 vía Guatiguará, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2012 Jun;32(2):277-85. doi: 10.1590/S0120-41572012000300016.
The presence of Rhodnius prolixus in palms on the eastern plains area of Colombia provide a high risk for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Intensive surveillance of the palm tree habitat are necessary to confirm the presence of bugs and provide evidence that this habitat is a source of house infestations.
The infestation by R. prolixus in the palm, Attalea butyracea, was investigated near homes for assessment of risk.
Palms were examined for Rhodnius bugs adjacent to rural housing in the eastern plains provinces of Casanare and Arauca, Colombia. Bait traps were used as well as an active search by the investigators and a community watch program to collect intradomiciliary triatomine bugs. Collected species were identified by morphological criteria,and natural T.cruzi infections in the triatomine bugs were detected by the PCR technique.
In 111 of 172 (64.5%) palms (A. butyracea) inspected, 529 nymphs and adults of R. prolixus and 5 nymphs of Eratyrus mucronatus were collected. The A. butyracea were located within 500 m of housing. In the same period, 132 R. prolixus and specimens of the triatomine species Psammolestes arthuri,Cavernicola pilosa, Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus were collected inside houses. Twenty nymphs of E. mucronatus were found in a pile of bricks on the porch of a home. Natural infection of T. cruzi was detected in 28.8% of R. prolixus from palm trees and 30.0% inside houses.
A new epidemiological scenario of transmission of Chagas disease was revealed, characterized by high rates of infestation of R. prolixus in palms near houses with frequent intrusion into houses. In designing measures to prevent Chagas disease, the association of palm trees, triatomine bugs and housing proximity is a significant consideration.
哥伦比亚东部平原地区的棕榈树上存在长红猎蝽，这为感染克氏锥虫带来了高风险。有必要对棕榈树栖息地进行密集监测，以确认臭虫的存在，并提供证据证明该栖息地是房屋侵扰的源头。
调查房屋附近的油棕树上长红猎蝽的侵扰情况，以评估风险。
在哥伦比亚卡萨纳雷省和阿劳卡省东部平原的农村房屋附近，对棕榈树进行检查，寻找红猎蝽。使用诱饵诱捕器，研究人员进行主动搜索，并开展社区监测计划，以收集室内的锥蝽。通过形态学标准鉴定所收集的物种，并采用聚合酶链反应技术检测锥蝽体内的克氏锥虫自然感染情况。
在检查的172株油棕树（Attalea butyracea）中，有111株（64.5%）发现了529只长红猎蝽若虫和成虫以及5只大纹锥蝽若虫。油棕树位于房屋500米范围内。同一时期，在房屋内收集到132只长红猎蝽以及锥蝽物种亚瑟沙猎蝽、毛穴猎蝽、斑翅锥蝽、膝状锥蝽的标本。在一户人家门廊的一堆砖块中发现了20只大纹锥蝽若虫。在从棕榈树上采集的长红猎蝽中，28.8%检测到克氏锥虫自然感染，在房屋内采集的长红猎蝽中，这一比例为30.0%。
揭示了一种新的恰加斯病传播流行病学情况，其特征是房屋附近棕榈树上长红猎蝽的侵扰率很高，且频繁侵入房屋。在设计预防恰加斯病的措施时，棕榈树、锥蝽与房屋 proximity之间的关联是一个重要的考虑因素。 （注：原文中“housing proximity”表述不太准确，可能是“房屋附近”之类的意思，这里按字面翻译）
