Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Occup Environ Med. 2013 Mar;70(3):187-94. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2012-101025. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
Evidence for a relationship between gas cooking and childhood respiratory health is inconsistent and few longitudinal studies have been reported. Our aim was to examine the association between gas cooking and the development of respiratory and allergic outcomes longitudinally in a prospective birth cohort study.
The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study followed children from birth (1996/1997) until age 8. Annual questionnaires were used to document respiratory and allergic symptoms. Allergic sensitisation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) were measured at age 8 in subpopulations. A total of 3590 children were included in the present analysis. We used generalised estimating equations and discrete-time hazard models to study the overall and age-specific associations between exposure to gas cooking and the risk of developing respiratory illnesses. Sensitivity analyses of intermittent, always, current and early exposure to gas cooking were conducted.
Ever gas cooking exposure was associated with nasal symptoms (sneezing, runny/blocked nose without a cold) during the first 8 years of life (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.59), but not with lower respiratory tract infections, eczema, allergic sensitisation and BHR. Associations with nasal symptoms were similar among children with intermittent, always, current and early exposure. Among girls only, prevalent asthma was associated with ever gas cooking (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.72).
Overall, our findings provide little evidence for an adverse effect of exposure to gas cooking on the development of asthma and allergies.
关于烹饪用气体与儿童呼吸道健康之间关系的证据并不一致，且鲜有纵向研究对此进行报道。本研究旨在通过前瞻性出生队列研究，纵向观察烹饪用气体与呼吸道和过敏结局发展之间的关联。
预防和发生哮喘和螨过敏研究（Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy，PIAMA）队列从 1996/1997 年开始对儿童进行随访，直至其年满 8 岁。每年通过问卷调查的方式记录儿童的呼吸道和过敏症状。在子人群中，于 8 岁时测量过敏致敏和气道高反应性（bronchial hyper-responsiveness，BHR）。本研究共纳入 3590 名儿童。我们使用广义估计方程和离散时间风险模型研究暴露于烹饪用气体与发生呼吸道疾病风险之间的总体关联和年龄特异性关联。同时还进行了间歇性、总是、当前和早期暴露于烹饪用气体的敏感性分析。
在儿童 8 岁之前，总是暴露于烹饪用气体与鼻部症状（无感冒时打喷嚏、流涕/鼻塞）相关（比值比[OR]=1.32，95%置信区间[CI]为 1.09 至 1.59），但与下呼吸道感染、特应性皮炎、过敏致敏和 BHR 无关。间歇性、总是、当前和早期暴露于烹饪用气体与鼻部症状之间的关联在儿童中相似。仅在女孩中，现患哮喘与总是暴露于烹饪用气体相关（OR=1.97，95% CI 为 1.05 至 3.72）。
总体而言，我们的研究结果几乎没有证据表明暴露于烹饪用气体对哮喘和过敏的发展有不良影响。
