Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Poult Sci. 2013 Jan;92(1):33-40. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02446.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of combining both pleasant and unpleasant contacts with human beings on physiology and behavior of broiler chickens. Birds were subjected to the following treatments: (i) received no physical or visual contact with humans (control); (ii) from d 1 to 28, chicks were individually stroked gently for 30 s once daily (PL); (iii) from d 1 to 28, chicks were picked up individually, suspended by both legs, exposed to recorded noise, and swung gently for 15 s once daily (UNPL); (iv) from d 1 to 14 and from d 15 to 28, chicks were subjected to PL and UNPL, respectively (PL-UNPL); and (v) from d 1 to 14 and from d 15 to 28, chicks were subjected to UNPL and PL, respectively (UNPL-PL). On d 42, birds from each treatment group were road-transported for 3 h. Heat shock protein (hsp) 70 expression, plasma levels of corticosterone, serum creatine kinase concentration, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HLR), and tonic immobility duration were determined pre- and posttransit. There were significant (P < 0.05) duration of transportation × human contact treatment interactions for HLR and hsp 70 density. Following transit, the PL chicks had significantly (P < 0.05) lower HLR and greater hsp 70 density than the other groups. The corticosterone of PL and UNPL chicks were lower than their control, PL-UNPL, and UNPL-PL counterparts. The PL and PL-UNPL treatments were effective in shortening tonic immobility duration significantly (P < 0.05). Except for UNPL-PL, the serum creatine kinase activity of PL was significantly lower than the other groups. In conclusion, subjecting birds to pleasant human contact reduced stress and fear reactions to transportation by enhancing the ability to express hsp 70 in the brain. Unpleasant human contact had adverse effect on the birds' response to transportation. Early age pleasant experience with humans failed to negate the adverse effects of subsequent unpleasant contact.
进行了一项实验，以确定将人类的愉快和不愉快接触相结合对肉鸡的生理和行为的影响。鸟类接受了以下处理：(i) 不与人类进行任何身体或视觉接触（对照）；(ii) 从第 1 天到第 28 天，每天单独轻柔地抚摸小鸡 30 秒（PL）；(iii) 从第 1 天到第 28 天，每天单独捡起小鸡，用双腿悬挂，暴露于记录的噪音中，并轻轻摆动 15 秒（UNPL）；(iv) 从第 1 天到第 14 天和从第 15 天到第 28 天，小鸡分别接受 PL 和 UNPL（PL-UNPL）；和 (v) 从第 1 天到第 14 天和从第 15 天到第 28 天，小鸡分别接受 UNPL 和 PL（UNPL-PL）。在第 42 天，每组鸟类都被进行了 3 小时的道路运输。在运输前和运输后测定热休克蛋白 (hsp) 70 的表达、皮质酮的血浆水平、血清肌酸激酶浓度、异嗜性/淋巴细胞比值 (HLR) 和强直静止持续时间。HLR 和 hsp 70 密度存在显著的（P < 0.05）运输×人类接触处理交互作用。运输后，PL 小鸡的 HLR 和 hsp 70 密度显著低于其他组（P < 0.05）。PL 和 UNPL 小鸡的皮质酮水平低于其对照组、PL-UNPL 和 UNPL-PL 对照组。PL 和 PL-UNPL 处理可显著缩短强直静止持续时间（P < 0.05）。除 UNPL-PL 外，PL 组的血清肌酸激酶活性显著低于其他组。总之，通过增强大脑中 hsp 70 的表达能力，使鸟类接受愉快的人类接触可减少其对运输的应激和恐惧反应。不愉快的人类接触对鸟类对运输的反应产生不利影响。早期与人类的愉快体验并不能消除随后不愉快接触的不利影响。
