Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
Poult Sci. 2013 Jan;92(1):272-6. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02603.
Antibiotic growth promoters have been used for growth promotion of chickens in poultry industry since 1940. Recently, concerns have been raised to the use of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock due to development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of penicillin supplementation in the feed on cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. Two groups (n = 30) of chickens were fed corn-soybean meal diets with and without supplementation of penicillin at the concentration of 55 mg/kg (ANT vs. CON, respectively). At 18 d of age, the ANT group had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher mean BW than the CON group (668.6 vs. 570.0 g). Cecal samples of 5 randomly selected birds were pooled from each group and used for genomic DNA isolation and PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene; 454 pyrosequencing of the amplicons resulted in 7,881 and 11,214 sequence reads for ANT and CON groups, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that penicillin supplementation in the ANT group resulted in an elevated proportion of phylum Firmicutes from 58.15 to 91.5% and a decreased proportion of phylum Bacteroidetes from 31.1 to 2.96% compared with the CON group. Recent studies conducted in humans, pigs, and mice have shown a similar shift in gut microbiota in obese individuals compared with the lean ones, indicating that this microbial shift could be responsible for the increase in energy harvest and BW. The results of this study suggest that the growth-promoting effect of penicillin supplementation in broilers may be mediated by a similar microbial process.
自 1940 年以来，抗生素生长促进剂一直被用于家禽养殖业的鸡只生长促进。最近，由于细菌对抗生素的耐药性发展，人们对在畜牧业中使用抗生素生长促进剂产生了担忧。我们的研究目的是调查饲料中添加青霉素对肉鸡盲肠微生物群的影响。两组（n = 30）鸡分别用添加和不添加青霉素（浓度为 55mg/kg；ANT 组和 CON 组）的玉米-豆粕日粮喂养。在 18 日龄时，ANT 组的平均体重显著高于 CON 组（668.6 比 570.0g）（P ≤ 0.05）。从每组中随机选择 5 只鸡的盲肠样本混合，用于基因组 DNA 分离和 16S rRNA 基因的 PCR 扩增；对扩增子进行 454 焦磷酸测序，分别得到 ANT 组和 CON 组的 7881 和 11214 个序列读数。系统发育分析表明，与 CON 组相比，ANT 组中青霉素的添加导致厚壁菌门的比例从 58.15%升高到 91.5%，拟杆菌门的比例从 31.1%降低到 2.96%。最近在人类、猪和小鼠中进行的研究表明，肥胖个体与瘦个体相比，肠道微生物群也存在类似的变化，这表明这种微生物变化可能是能量收获和体重增加的原因。本研究结果表明，青霉素对肉鸡的促生长作用可能是通过类似的微生物过程介导的。
