Psychology Department, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
J Sch Health. 2013 Jan;83(1):45-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00746.x.
Many authorities agree that bullying has a widespread impact on school climate, affecting bystanders as well as victims. This study tested the contention that a climate of bullying can have a schoolwide impact on student engagement in school.
Hierarchical linear modeling assessed the relations between student perception of bullying climate and student engagement at the individual and school level in a statewide sample of 7058 ninth graders randomly selected from 289 schools participating in the Virginia High School Safety Study. Student engagement was assessed by self-report scales measuring commitment to school and involvement in school activities.
Individual differences in perception of school climate characterized by bullying were associated with lower commitment to school, but not less involvement in school activities. School-level differences in student perceptions of bullying climate were associated with both lower commitment to school and less involvement in school activities, after controlling for the effects of gender, race, school size, proportion of ethnic minority students in the school, and individual-level perception of bullying climate.
Efforts to improve student engagement should consider the schoolwide impact of bullying on all students.
许多权威机构认为，欺凌现象广泛影响着校园风气，不仅对受害者，也对旁观者有影响。本研究检验了欺凌风气可能对学生参与学校活动产生全校范围影响的观点。
在弗吉尼亚高中安全研究中，从参与研究的 289 所学校中随机抽取 7058 名 9 年级学生作为全州样本，采用层次线性模型评估了学生对欺凌风气的感知与个体和学校层面学生参与度之间的关系。学生参与度通过自我报告量表进行评估，衡量学生对学校的投入程度和参与学校活动的情况。
受欺凌风气特征影响的个体差异与学生对学校的投入程度降低有关，但与参与学校活动的程度无关。在控制了性别、种族、学校规模、学校中少数民族学生的比例以及个体层面对欺凌风气的感知等因素后，学生对欺凌风气的感知在学校层面上的差异与学生对学校的投入程度降低以及参与学校活动的程度降低均有关。
提高学生参与度的努力应考虑欺凌行为对所有学生的全校范围影响。
