Brenner David A, Kisseleva Tatiana, Scholten David, Paik Yong Han, Iwaisako Keiko, Inokuchi Sayaka, Schnabl Bernd, Seki Ekihiro, De Minicis Samuele, Oesterreicher Christoph, Taura Kojiro
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2012 Jun 6;5(Suppl 1):S17. doi: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-S1-S17. eCollection 2012.
Most chronic liver diseases of all etiologies result in progressive liver fibrosis. Myofibroblasts produce the extracellular matrix, including type I collagen, which constitutes the fibrous scar in liver fibrosis. Normal liver has little type I collagen and no detectable myofibroblasts, but myofibroblasts appear early in experimental and clinical liver injury. The origin of the myofibroblast in liver fibrosis is still unresolved. The possibilities include activation of endogenous mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells, recruitment from the bone marrow, and transformation of epithelial or endothelial cells to myofibroblasts. In fact, the origin of myofibroblasts may be different for different types of chronic liver diseases, such as cholestatic liver disease or hepatotoxic liver disease. This review will examine our current understanding of the liver myofibroblast.
所有病因引起的大多数慢性肝病都会导致进行性肝纤维化。肌成纤维细胞产生细胞外基质，包括I型胶原蛋白，其构成肝纤维化中的纤维瘢痕。正常肝脏仅有少量I型胶原蛋白且未检测到肌成纤维细胞，但在实验性和临床肝损伤早期会出现肌成纤维细胞。肝纤维化中肌成纤维细胞的起源仍未明确。可能性包括内源性间充质细胞（包括成纤维细胞和肝星状细胞）的激活、骨髓募集以及上皮或内皮细胞向肌成纤维细胞的转化。事实上，不同类型的慢性肝病（如胆汁淤积性肝病或肝毒性肝病）中肌成纤维细胞的起源可能不同。本综述将探讨我们目前对肝脏肌成纤维细胞的认识。
