Viscomi Marco, Larkins Sarah, Gupta Tarun S
School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Can J Rural Med. 2013 Winter;18(1):13-23.
Both Canada and Australia are facing severe shortages of primary health workers, and these shortages are exacerbated in rural and remote communities. This literature review highlights similarities and explores the factors that serve to attract and retain family practitioners in underserved regions of Canada and Australia.
We used MEDLINE on OvidSP to review the literature between Jan. 1, 2000, and June 30, 2012. We excluded sources if the primary objective did not consider recruitment or retention of general practitioners.
We found a total of 114 sources, 28 of which were excluded, leaving 86 sources for review. We organized results according to 5 life stages of family physicians in rural practice and graded the literature according to the strength of the methodology and the relevance of the findings. We chronologically categorized Canadian and Australian literature that discussed recruitment and retention of family practitioners into rural practice.
Various factors that pertain to each life stage of a family physician have been shown to positively correlate with the eventual decision to commence and remain practising in rural areas. Training programs should be better structured to attract candidates who are more likely to enter rural practice. Policy-makers should be mindful of these findings, because improvements in retention will deliver large financial savings.
加拿大和澳大利亚都面临着基层医疗工作者的严重短缺，而农村和偏远社区的短缺情况更为严重。这篇文献综述突出了相似之处，并探讨了在加拿大和澳大利亚服务欠缺地区吸引和留住家庭医生的因素。
我们使用OvidSP上的MEDLINE检索了2000年1月1日至2012年6月30日期间的文献。如果主要目标未涉及全科医生的招聘或留用，我们就排除这些文献来源。
我们共找到114个文献来源，其中28个被排除，剩下86个进行综述。我们根据农村执业家庭医生的5个生活阶段来组织结果，并根据方法的力度和研究结果的相关性对文献进行分级。我们按时间顺序对讨论家庭医生进入农村执业的招聘和留用情况的加拿大和澳大利亚文献进行了分类。
已表明与家庭医生每个生活阶段相关的各种因素与最终决定在农村地区开始并继续执业呈正相关。培训项目应进行更好的规划，以吸引更有可能进入农村执业的候选人。政策制定者应留意这些研究结果，因为留用情况的改善将带来大量财政节余。
