Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr., Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Pharmacol Res. 2013 Apr;70(1):13-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.12.003. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
Dietary supplementation with ω-3 long chain fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has increased in popularity in recent years and adequate DHA supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood is of clinical importance. Some evidence has been built for the neuro-cognitive benefits of supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) such as DHA during pregnancy; however, recent data indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties may be of at least equal significance. Adequate DHA availability in the fetus/infant optimizes brain and retinal maturation in part by influencing neurotransmitter pathways. The anti-inflammatory properties of LCPUFA are largely mediated through modulation of signaling either directly through binding to receptors or through changes in lipid raft formation and receptor presentation. Our goal is to review the current findings on DHA supplementation, specifically in pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment, as a pharmacologic agent with both preventative and therapeutic value. Given the overall benefits of DHA, maternal and infant supplementation may improve neurological outcomes especially in vulernable populations. However, optimal composition of the supplement and dosing and treatment strategies still need to be determined to lend support for routine supplementation.
近年来，ω-3 长链脂肪酸（包括二十二碳六烯酸，即 DHA）的膳食补充剂越来越受欢迎，妊娠和儿童早期补充足够的 DHA 具有重要的临床意义。有证据表明，在妊娠期间补充长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）如 DHA 对神经认知有益；然而，最近的数据表明，其抗炎特性至少同样重要。胎儿/婴儿体内有足够的 DHA 供应，可以通过影响神经递质途径，优化大脑和视网膜的成熟，部分原因是其影响了神经递质途径。LCPUFA 的抗炎特性主要通过直接与受体结合或通过改变脂筏形成和受体呈现来调节信号转导来介导。我们的目标是回顾 DHA 补充的最新发现，特别是在妊娠和婴儿神经发育方面，作为一种具有预防和治疗价值的药物。鉴于 DHA 的整体益处，孕产妇和婴儿补充剂可能会改善神经发育结果，特别是在脆弱人群中。然而，仍需确定补充剂的最佳成分、剂量和治疗策略，以支持常规补充。
