Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, "V. Buzzi" Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 May 5;14(9):1944. doi: 10.3390/nu14091944.
Nutritional quality during pregnancy is crucial for mother and child health and their short/long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence to nutritional recommendations in Italy during the three pregnancy trimesters in Normal Weight (NW) and Over Weight (OW) women.
Data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial included 176 women (NW = 133; OW = 43) with healthy singleton pregnancies enrolled within 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake was assessed every trimester by a Food Frequency Questionnaire.
OW and NW had similar gestational weight gain. However, as Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend lower gestational weight gain (GWG) for OW, they exceeded the suggested range. In both groups, caloric intake during the three trimesters never met recommendations. Protein intake in first and second trimester was higher than recommendations, as was sugars percentage. Dietary fiber intake was lower in OW. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron and folic acid requirements were never satisfied, while sodium intake exceeded recommendations.
NW and OW women in Italy do not adhere to nutritional recommendations during pregnancy, with lower caloric intake, protein and sugars excess and inadequacies in micronutrients intake. Pregnant women in Italy should be provided with an adequate counseling and educational intervention as well as supplementation when indicated.
怀孕期间的营养质量对母婴健康及其短期/长期结局至关重要。本研究旨在评估意大利正常体重（NW）和超重（OW）孕妇在怀孕前三个月、中三个月和后三个月期间对营养建议的依从性。
这项多中心随机对照试验的数据纳入了 176 名健康单胎妊娠的妇女（NW = 133；OW = 43），在妊娠 13+6 周内入组。每个孕期通过食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入量。
OW 和 NW 的孕期体重增加相似。然而，由于医学研究所（IOM）建议 OW 孕期体重增加较低，因此她们超出了建议范围。在两组中，三个孕期的热量摄入都未达到建议水平。第一和第二孕期的蛋白质摄入量高于建议摄入量，糖的百分比也一样。OW 的膳食纤维摄入量较低。多不饱和脂肪酸、钙、铁和叶酸的需求从未得到满足，而钠的摄入量超过了建议水平。
意大利的 NW 和 OW 孕妇在怀孕期间不遵守营养建议，热量、蛋白质和糖的摄入量较低，而微量营养素的摄入量不足。意大利的孕妇应接受充分的咨询和教育干预，以及必要时的补充。
