Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Parasitol Res. 2012 May;110(5):1607-20. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2669-9. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The adulticidal and repellent activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaf of Eclipta alba and Andrographis paniculata were assayed for their toxicity against two important vector mosquitoes, viz., Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects; however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. paniculata against the adults of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti with the LC(50) and LC(90) values were 149.81, 172.37 ppm and 288.12, 321.01 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of the reported E. alba and A. paniculata plants.
几种疾病与蚊子-人类相互作用有关。蚊子是疟疾、虫媒病毒性脑炎、登革热、基孔肯雅热、西尼罗河病毒和黄热病等严重且众所周知疾病的载体。这些疾病在全世界的人类和家畜中造成了重大发病率和死亡率。测定了白花蒿和穿心莲叶的正己烷、乙酸乙酯、苯、氯仿和甲醇提取物的杀虫和驱避活性，以测试其对两种重要病媒蚊子，即致倦库蚊和埃及伊蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）的毒性。暴露 24 小时后观察成虫死亡率。所有提取物均显示出中等的杀虫效果；然而，甲醇提取物对致倦库蚊和埃及伊蚊成虫的成虫死亡率最高，LC 50 和 LC 90 值分别为 149.81、172.37 ppm 和 288.12、321.01 ppm。在三种不同浓度（1.0、2.5 和 5.0 mg/cm 2 ）下，对人前臂皮肤应用白花蒿和穿心莲植物的正己烷、乙酸乙酯、苯、氯仿和甲醇提取物的驱避活性的结果，暴露于成年雌性蚊子。在这种观察中，这两种植物粗提取物对蚊虫叮咬提供了保护，而对测试人员没有任何过敏反应，并且驱避活性取决于植物提取物的强度。这些结果表明，叶溶剂植物提取物具有作为控制蚊子的理想环保方法的潜力。这是关于报道的白花蒿和穿心莲植物的蚊虫杀虫和驱避活性的首次报道。
