Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013 Mar;104(3):409-26. doi: 10.1037/a0031050. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
Perceivers' inferences about individuals based on their faces often show high interrater consensus and can even accurately predict behavior in some domains. Here we investigated the consensus and accuracy of judgments of trustworthiness. In Study 1, we showed that the type of photo judged makes a significant difference for whether an individual is judged as trustworthy. In Study 2, we found that inferences of trustworthiness made from the faces of corporate criminals did not differ from inferences made from the faces of noncriminal executives. In Study 3, we found that judgments of trustworthiness did not differ between the faces of military criminals and the faces of military heroes. In Study 4, we tempted undergraduates to cheat on a test. Although we found that judgments of intelligence from the students' faces were related to students' scores on the test and that judgments of students' extraversion were correlated with self-reported extraversion, there was no relationship between judgments of trustworthiness from the students' faces and students' cheating behavior. Finally, in Study 5, we examined the neural correlates of the accuracy of judgments of trustworthiness from faces. Replicating previous research, we found that perceptions of trustworthiness from the faces in Study 4 corresponded to participants' amygdala response. However, we found no relationship between the amygdala response and the targets' actual cheating behavior. These data suggest that judgments of trustworthiness may not be accurate but, rather, reflect subjective impressions for which people show high agreement.
基于面部特征对个体进行推断的感知往往具有高度的评价者间一致性，甚至可以在某些领域准确预测行为。在这里，我们研究了信任判断的一致性和准确性。在研究 1 中，我们表明，所判断的照片类型对于个体是否被判断为可信任会产生显著影响。在研究 2 中，我们发现，从公司罪犯的面部推断出的信任度推断与从非犯罪执行官的面部推断出的信任度推断没有区别。在研究 3 中，我们发现，军事罪犯的面部和军事英雄的面部之间的信任判断没有区别。在研究 4 中，我们诱使本科生在考试中作弊。尽管我们发现，从学生面部判断出的智力与学生在考试中的成绩有关，从学生面部判断出的外向性与自我报告的外向性有关，但从学生面部判断出的可信任性与学生的作弊行为之间没有关系。最后，在研究 5 中，我们研究了面部信任判断准确性的神经相关性。复制之前的研究，我们发现，在研究 4 中，从面部感知的信任度与参与者的杏仁核反应相对应。然而，我们发现杏仁核反应与目标的实际作弊行为之间没有关系。这些数据表明，信任判断可能不准确，而是反映了人们表现出高度一致的主观印象。
