Geniole Shawn N, Molnar Danielle S, Carré Justin M, McCormick Cheryl M
Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology, Nipissing University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2014 Aug;40(4):1526-41. doi: 10.1037/a0036732. Epub 2014 May 12.
Variation in the facial width-to-height ratio (face ratio) is associated with judgments of aggression and of trustworthiness made by observers when viewing men's faces. Although judgments of aggression and of trustworthiness are correlated, they represent distinct constructs. We thus investigated the hypothesis that judgments of aggression share stronger associations with the face ratio than judgments of trustworthiness, and that judgments of aggression mediate the link between the face ratio and trustworthiness. Across 4 separate studies, involving 129 observers rating subsets of 141 photographs (original photographs of individuals who provided consent for their use) of clean-shaven (65 faces), unshaved (22 faces), or digitized male faces (54 faces; digitized faces were creating using facial modeling software), this hypothesis was supported. The correlations between the face ratio and judgments of aggression were moderate to strong in all 4 studies (rs = .45 to .70). Reaction time was measured in Study 4: Participants judged aggression faster than trustworthiness; thus, temporal precedence also supports the hypothesis that aggression mediates the link between the face ratio and trustworthiness. Sensitivity to the face ratio may therefore be part of a perceptual mechanism specialized to assess aggressiveness rather than trustworthiness in others, likely because of the greater necessity for rapid judgments of aggressive potential than trustworthiness.
面部宽高比（脸宽比）的变化与观察者在观察男性面部时对其攻击性和可信度的判断有关。尽管对攻击性和可信度的判断存在相关性，但它们代表不同的概念。因此，我们研究了以下假设：与可信度判断相比，攻击性判断与脸宽比的关联更强，且攻击性判断在脸宽比与可信度之间起中介作用。在4项独立研究中，129名观察者对141张照片（为同意使用其照片的个人的原始照片）的子集进行评分，这些照片包括刮脸的男性面部（65张脸）、未刮脸的男性面部（22张脸）或数字化男性面部（54张脸；数字化面部是使用面部建模软件创建的），该假设得到了支持。在所有4项研究中，脸宽比与攻击性判断之间的相关性为中等至强（相关系数r = 0.45至0.70）。在研究4中测量了反应时间：参与者判断攻击性的速度比判断可信度的速度更快；因此，时间先后顺序也支持攻击性在脸宽比与可信度之间起中介作用这一假设。因此，对脸宽比的敏感性可能是一种专门用于评估他人攻击性而非可信度的感知机制的一部分，这可能是因为快速判断攻击潜力比判断可信度更为必要。
