Miyazaki Toshiki
Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology 2-4, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2013 Jan 1;5(1):333-40. doi: 10.2741/e619.
Several ceramics exhibit specific biological affinity, i.e. direct bone integration, when implanted in bony defects. They are called bioactive ceramics and utilized as important bone substitutes. However, there is limitation on clinical application, because of their inappropriate mechanical properties such as high Young's modulus and low fracture toughness. Novel bioactive materials exhibiting high machinability and flexibility have been desired in medical fields. Mixing bioactive ceramic powders and organic polymers have developed various organic-inorganic composites. Their mechanical property and bioactivity are mainly governed by the ceramics content. It is known that bioactive ceramics integrate with the bone through bone-like hydroxyapatite layer formed on their surfaces by chemical reaction with body fluid. This is triggered by a catalytic effect of various functional groups. On the basis of these facts, novel bioactive organic-inorganic nanocomposites have been developed. In these composites, inorganic components effective for triggering the hydroxyapatite nucleation are dispersed in polymer matrix at molecular level. Concept of the organic-inorganic composite is also applicable for providing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement with the bioactivity.
几种陶瓷在植入骨缺损部位时表现出特定的生物亲和力，即直接骨结合。它们被称为生物活性陶瓷，并被用作重要的骨替代物。然而，由于其机械性能不合适，如杨氏模量高和断裂韧性低，其临床应用受到限制。医学领域一直期望有具有高加工性和柔韧性的新型生物活性材料。将生物活性陶瓷粉末与有机聚合物混合已开发出各种有机-无机复合材料。它们的机械性能和生物活性主要由陶瓷含量决定。众所周知，生物活性陶瓷通过与体液发生化学反应在其表面形成的类骨羟基磷灰石层与骨结合。这是由各种官能团的催化作用引发的。基于这些事实，已开发出新型生物活性有机-无机纳米复合材料。在这些复合材料中，对引发羟基磷灰石成核有效的无机成分以分子水平分散在聚合物基体中。有机-无机复合材料的概念也适用于为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）骨水泥提供生物活性。
