Miyazaki Toshiki, Sugawara-Narutaki Ayae, Ohtsuki Chikara
Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Front Oral Biol. 2015;17:33-8. doi: 10.1159/000381691. Epub 2015 Jul 20.
Bioactive ceramics are known to exhibit specific biological affinities and are able to show direct integration with surrounding bone when implanted in bony defects. However, their inadequate mechanical properties, such as low fracture toughness and high Young's modulus in comparison to natural bone, limit their clinical application. Bone is a kind of organic-inorganic composite where apatite nanocrystals are precipitated onto collagen fibre networks. Thus, one way to address these problems is to mimic the natural composition of bone by using bioactive ceramics via material designs based on organic-inorganic composites. In this chapter, the current research on the development of the various organic-inorganic composites designed for biomaterial applications has been reviewed. Various compounds such as calcium phosphate, calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate can be used for the inorganic phases to design composites with the desired mechanical and biological properties of bone. Not only classical mechanical mixing but also coating of the inorganic phase in aqueous conditions is available for the fabrication of such composites. Organic modifications using various polymers enable the control of the crystalline structure of the calcium carbonate in the composites. These approaches on the fabrication of organic-inorganic composites provide important options for biomedical materials with novel functions.
生物活性陶瓷具有特定的生物亲和力，植入骨缺损部位时能够与周围骨组织直接融合。然而，与天然骨相比，它们的力学性能不足，如断裂韧性低、杨氏模量高，这限制了其临床应用。骨是一种有机 - 无机复合材料，其中磷灰石纳米晶体沉淀在胶原纤维网络上。因此，解决这些问题的一种方法是通过基于有机 - 无机复合材料的材料设计，使用生物活性陶瓷来模拟骨的天然组成。在本章中，综述了目前针对生物材料应用所设计的各种有机 - 无机复合材料的研究进展。诸如磷酸钙、硫酸钙和碳酸钙等各种化合物可用于无机相，以设计出具有骨所需力学和生物学性能的复合材料。制造此类复合材料不仅可以采用经典的机械混合方法，还可以在水性条件下对无机相进行涂层处理。使用各种聚合物进行有机改性能够控制复合材料中碳酸钙的晶体结构。这些有机 - 无机复合材料的制造方法为具有新型功能的生物医学材料提供了重要选择。
