Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8589, USA.
J Behav Med. 2014 Apr;37(2):276-88. doi: 10.1007/s10865-012-9485-2. Epub 2013 Jan 1.
Self-disclosure of serostatus by youth who are HIV-positive has been considered an important objective for preventing transmission and can have positive outcomes including enhancement of social support. This paper reviews the literature on self-disclosure. Several findings are consistent with the literature in adults, including the influence of gender, lower likelihood of disclosure in casual sexual relationships, and the identified barriers of rejection and stigma. Important areas of difference include youth's expressed needs for communication skills and the significant role of the family in influencing the decision to disclose. The findings raise questions about the relationship between disclosure and safe sexual practices in adolescents and moderate the concept of universal psychological gain from disclosure. The implications from the findings are reviewed, including the individual balance of risk versus benefit, practitioner strategies that might influence this balance and enhance the likelihood of positive outcomes following disclosure, and future research directions are discussed.
青年艾滋病病毒感染者主动透露感染状况被认为是预防传播的重要目标，可产生积极的结果，包括增强社会支持。本文综述了有关主动透露感染状况的文献。一些研究结果与成人文献一致，包括性别的影响、在偶然的性关系中更不可能透露感染状况，以及被拒绝和污名化的确定障碍。重要的区别领域包括青年表达的对沟通技巧的需求以及家庭在影响透露决定方面的重要作用。研究结果对青少年中透露感染状况与安全性行为之间的关系提出了疑问，并缓和了普遍认为透露感染状况会带来心理上的好处的观念。本文综述了研究结果的意义，包括个人权衡风险与收益，可能影响这种平衡并提高透露感染状况后积极结果可能性的从业者策略，以及未来的研究方向。
