Fortes Cristina, Mastroeni Simona, Sperati Alessandra, Pacifici Roberta, Zuccaro PierGiorgio, Francesco Forastiere, Agabiti Nerina, Piras Giovanna, Amleto D'Amicis, Ebrahim Shah
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy.
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy.
Maturitas. 2013 Mar;74(3):246-51. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.12.001. Epub 2012 Dec 29.
This study investigated the role of walking outdoors on longevity, controlling for individual and other life-style factors as possible confounders.
A 10-year cohort study was conducted with 152 self-caring and mobile, mean age 80 years, were enrolled in the study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and biochemical data, diet, physical activity, smoking, depression status, cognitive status and anthropometrics measurements, were obtained for all participants. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to determine independent predictors of longevity.
During the 10-years of follow-up, 96 (63%) died. Old age, chronic diseases, smoking, depression, CD4/CD8 ratio and coffee consumption were significantly predictors of mortality. Over-all survival was highest for subjects walking at open air for 4 times weekly for at least 15 min in comparison to subjects walking less than 4 times weekly (40% versus 22%). After adjusting for sex, age, education, chronic diseases, smoking, Body Mass Index and CD4/CD8 ratio, elderly people walking at open air for four times weekly had 40% decreased risk of mortality that individuals who walked less than four times weekly [relative risk (RR)=0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.32-0.88, p=0.01].
Findings suggest an independent and protective effect of walking on mortality and supports the encouragement of physical activity in advanced age for increasing longevity.
本研究调查了户外行走对长寿的作用，将个体因素和其他生活方式因素作为可能的混杂因素进行控制。
进行了一项为期10年的队列研究，纳入了152名自理且可行动的老年人，平均年龄80岁。收集了所有参与者的社会人口学特征、临床和生化数据、饮食、身体活动、吸烟、抑郁状态、认知状态和人体测量学数据。使用Cox比例风险模型确定长寿的独立预测因素。
在10年的随访期间，96人（63%）死亡。高龄、慢性病、吸烟、抑郁、CD4/CD8比值和咖啡摄入量是死亡的显著预测因素。与每周户外行走少于4次的受试者相比，每周户外行走4次且每次至少15分钟的受试者总体生存率最高（40%对22%）。在调整了性别、年龄、教育程度、慢性病、吸烟、体重指数和CD4/CD8比值后，每周户外行走4次的老年人死亡风险比每周行走少于4次的个体降低了40%[相对风险（RR）=0.53；95%置信区间（CI）=0.32-0.88，p=0.01]。
研究结果表明行走对死亡率有独立的保护作用，并支持鼓励老年人进行体育活动以延长寿命。
