Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2013 Feb 1;444:433-40. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.114. Epub 2012 Dec 29.
There are few studies on associations between airborne microbial exposure, formaldehyde, plasticizers in dwellings and the symptoms compatible with the sick building syndrome (SBS). As a follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS II), indoor measurements were performed in homes in three North European cities. The aim was to examine whether volatile organic compounds of possible microbial origin (MVOCs), and airborne levels of bacteria, molds, formaldehyde, and two plasticizers in dwellings were associated with the prevalence of SBS, and to study associations between MVOCs and reports on dampness and mold. The study included homes from three centers included in ECRHS II. A total of 159 adults (57% females) participated (19% from Reykjavik, 40% from Uppsala, and 41% from Tartu). A random sample and additional homes with a history of dampness were included. Exposure measurements were performed in the 159 homes of the participants. MVOCs were analyzed by GCMS with selective ion monitoring (SIM). Symptoms were reported in a standardized questionnaire. Associations were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. In total 30.8% reported any SBS (20% mucosal, 10% general, and 8% dermal symptoms) and 41% of the homes had a history of dampness and molds There were positive associations between any SBS and levels of 2-pentanol (P=0.002), 2-hexanone (P=0.0002), 2-pentylfuran (P=0.009), 1-octen-3-ol (P=0.002), formaldehyde (P=0.05), and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) (P=0.05). 1-octen-3-ol (P=0.009) and 3-methylfuran (P=0.002) were associated with mucosal symptoms. In dwellings with dampness and molds, the levels of total bacteria (P=0.02), total mold (P=0.04), viable mold (P=0.02), 3-methylfuran (P=0.008) and ethyl-isobutyrate (P=0.02) were higher. In conclusion, some MVOCs like 1-octen-3-ol, formaldehyde and the plasticizer Texanol, may be a risk factor for sick building syndrome. Moreover, concentrations of airborne molds, bacteria and some other MVOCs were slightly higher in homes with reported dampness and mold.
关于空气中微生物暴露、室内甲醛和塑料增塑剂与病态建筑综合征（SBS）症状之间的关联，目前研究较少。作为欧洲社区呼吸健康调查（ECRHS II）的后续研究，在北欧三个城市的家庭中进行了室内测量。目的是检验挥发性有机化合物（MVOCs）和空气中细菌、霉菌、甲醛和两种增塑剂的水平是否与 SBS 的流行有关，并研究 MVOCs 与报告的潮湿和霉菌之间的关系。这项研究包括 ECRHS II 中包含的三个中心的家庭。共有 159 名成年人（57%为女性）参与（雷克雅未克 19%，乌普萨拉 40%，塔尔图 41%）。随机抽取了一部分家庭，并纳入了一些有潮湿史的家庭。在参与者的 159 个家庭中进行了暴露测量。MVOCs 通过 GCMS 与选择性离子监测（SIM）进行分析。症状通过标准化问卷报告。采用多因素逻辑回归进行分析。共有 30.8%的人报告有任何 SBS（20%黏膜症状，10%全身症状，8%皮肤症状），41%的家庭有潮湿和霉菌史。任何 SBS 与 2-戊醇（P=0.002）、2-己酮（P=0.0002）、2-戊基呋喃（P=0.009）、1-辛烯-3-醇（P=0.002）、甲醛（P=0.05）和 2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯（Texanol）（P=0.05）水平呈正相关。1-辛烯-3-醇（P=0.009）和 3-甲基呋喃（P=0.002）与黏膜症状有关。在潮湿和有霉菌的住宅中，总细菌（P=0.02）、总霉菌（P=0.04）、活霉菌（P=0.02）、3-甲基呋喃（P=0.008）和乙基异丁酸酯（P=0.02）的水平较高。总之，一些 MVOCs，如 1-辛烯-3-醇、甲醛和增塑剂 Texanol，可能是病态建筑综合征的危险因素。此外，在报告潮湿和霉菌的家庭中，空气中霉菌、细菌和其他一些 MVOCs 的浓度略高。
