Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory-, Allergy- and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Mar 15;321:121103. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121103. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
Associations between measured specific VOC reported to be associated with dampness and microbial growth in dwellings and asthma, lung function were investigated in 159 adults (one adult/home) from three North European cities (Reykjavik, Uppsala and Tartu). Spirometry was performed and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and FEV/FVC were measured. Among 159 participants, 58% were females, 24.5% atopics, 25.8% current smokers and 41% reported dampness or mold at home. Dimethyl disulphide (p = 0.004), ethyl isobutyrate (p = 0.021) and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (p = 0.035) were associated with asthma. Isobutanol (p = 0.043), 3-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.020), 2-hexanone (p = 0.033), 1-octen-3-ol (p = 0.027), 2-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.022) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (p = 0.045) were associated with lower FEV. Isobutanol (p = 0.004), 3-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.001), 2-heptanone (p = 0.047) and 2-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.002) were associated with lower FEV/FVC. The association between dimethyl disulphide and asthma was more pronounced in females (p for interaction 0.099). The association between 1-butanol and lower FEV was more pronounced in males (p for interaction 0.046). The associations between 3-octanone (p for interaction 0.064), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (p for interaction 0.049) and lower FEV, and between 2-heptanone (p for interaction 0.021), 3-octanone (p for interaction 0.008) and lower FEV/FVC were stronger in homes with dampness/mold. Factor analysis identified one VOC factor related to asthma and two VOC factors related to lower lung function. Increased air concentrations of 2-heptanone, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and ethyl isobutyrate were related to prescence of certain mold species (Aspergillus sp., Cladosporum sp. and Penicillium sp.) or building dampness. Some VOC were associated with type of dwelling, building age and pet keeping. In conclusion, some VOC reported to be associated with dampness and microbial growth can be associated with asthma and lower lung function in adults. Associations between these VOC and respiratory illness can be stronger in homes with dampness/mold. There can be gender differences in respiratory health effects when exposed to indoor VOC.
在来自三个北欧城市（雷克雅未克、乌普萨拉和塔尔图）的 159 位成年人（每位成年人一个家庭）中，研究了与潮湿和微生物生长相关的特定挥发性有机化合物（VOC）与哮喘、肺功能之间的关系。进行了肺活量测定，测量了用力肺活量（FVC）、1 秒用力呼气量（FEV）和 FEV/FVC。在 159 名参与者中，58%为女性，24.5%为特应性个体，25.8%为当前吸烟者，41%报告家中潮湿或有霉菌。二甲基二硫（p=0.004）、乙基异丁酸酯（p=0.021）和乙基 2-甲基丁酸酯（p=0.035）与哮喘有关。异丁醇（p=0.043）、3-甲基-1-丁醇（p=0.020）、2-己酮（p=0.033）、1-辛烯-3-醇（p=0.027）、2-甲基-1-丁醇（p=0.022）和 2-乙基-1-己醇（p=0.045）与较低的 FEV 有关。异丁醇（p=0.004）、3-甲基-1-丁醇（p=0.001）、2-庚酮（p=0.047）和 2-甲基-1-丁醇（p=0.002）与较低的 FEV/FVC 有关。二甲基二硫与哮喘之间的关联在女性中更为明显（交互作用 p 值为 0.099）。1-丁醇与较低 FEV 之间的关联在男性中更为明显（交互作用 p 值为 0.046）。3-辛酮（p 交互作用=0.064）、2-乙基-1-己醇（p 交互作用=0.049）与较低的 FEV，2-庚酮（p 交互作用=0.021）、3-辛酮（p 交互作用=0.008）与较低的 FEV/FVC 之间的关联在潮湿/霉菌存在的家庭中更为明显。因子分析确定了一个与哮喘相关的 VOC 因子和两个与较低肺功能相关的 VOC 因子。空气中 2-庚酮、乙基 2-甲基丁酸酯和乙基异丁酸酯浓度的增加与某些霉菌物种（曲霉属、枝孢菌属和青霉属）或建筑物潮湿有关。一些 VOC 与住宅类型、建筑物年龄和宠物饲养有关。总之，一些与潮湿和微生物生长相关的挥发性有机化合物与成年人的哮喘和较低的肺功能有关。在潮湿/霉菌存在的家庭中，这些 VOC 与呼吸道疾病之间的关联可能更强。当暴露于室内 VOC 时，性别差异可能会影响呼吸道健康。
