Takeda Makoto, Saijo Yasuaki, Yuasa Motoyuki, Kanazawa Ayako, Araki Atsuko, Kishi Reiko
Department of Public Health Science, Graduated School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009 Apr;82(5):583-93. doi: 10.1007/s00420-009-0395-8. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
Indoor air contaminants and dampness in dwellings have become important environmental health issues. The aim of this study is to clarify which factors are related to sick building syndrome (SBS) in newly built dwellings at Hokkaido, Japan, through a comprehensive evaluation of the indoor environment and validated sick building symptom questionnaires.
The symptoms of 343 residents in 104 detached houses were surveyed by standardized questionnaires, and the concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), airborne fungi, and dust mite allergen in their living rooms were measured. By summing the presence or absence of the five dampness indicators (condensations, mold growth, moldy odor, high air humidity of the bathroom, water leakage), a dampness index was calculated.
SBS symptoms were found in 21.6% of surveyed individuals. In a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, the dampness index [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.11], log formaldehyde (OR = 23.79, 95% CI: 2.49-277.65), and log alpha-pinene (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.36-6.03) had significantly higher ORs for SBS symptoms. However, other VOCs, airborne fungi, and dust mite allergen did not have significantly higher ORs.
Dampness, formaldehyde, and alpha-pinene were significantly related to SBS symptoms in newly built dwellings. We should, therefore, take measures to reduce the chemicals and dampness in dwellings.
住宅内的室内空气污染物和潮湿问题已成为重要的环境卫生问题。本研究旨在通过对室内环境进行全面评估以及使用经过验证的病态建筑症状问卷，阐明日本北海道新建住宅中与病态建筑综合征（SBS）相关的因素。
通过标准化问卷对104栋独立住宅中的343名居民的症状进行了调查，并测量了他们客厅中的甲醛、乙醛、挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、空气传播真菌和尘螨过敏原的浓度。通过汇总五个潮湿指标（冷凝、霉菌生长、发霉气味、浴室空气湿度高、漏水）的存在与否，计算出潮湿指数。
在21.6%的被调查个体中发现了SBS症状。在完全调整的多变量逻辑回归分析中，潮湿指数[比值比（OR）=1.50；95%置信区间（CI）：1.06 - 1.11]、甲醛对数（OR = 23.79，95% CI：2.49 - 277.65）和α-蒎烯对数（OR = 2.87，95% CI：1.36 - 6.03）与SBS症状的OR值显著更高。然而，其他VOCs、空气传播真菌和尘螨过敏原的OR值没有显著更高。
潮湿、甲醛和α-蒎烯与新建住宅中的SBS症状显著相关。因此，我们应该采取措施减少住宅中的化学物质和潮湿。
