老年人的眼部疾病
Eye disorders in old people.
作者信息
Khalaj Mohammad, Barikani Ameneh, Ghasemi Hafez
机构信息
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
出版信息
Glob J Health Sci. 2012 Nov 6;5(1):79-86. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n1p79.
BACKGROUND
Visual impairment is one of a major public health problem among elderly people.
OBJECT
Aim of this study was determining the prevalence of visual impairment in median and old peoples in Qazvin (Iran).
METHOD
In this cross sectional study, with a simple random sampling, 446 patients older than 5o years who were referred to outpatient ophthalmology clinics at Avecina hospital of Qazvin (a province of Iran) in 2010 were enrolled. Participants first complete a questionnaire with 25 questions toward demographic and past medical history and then were examined by ophthalmologist. These examinations includes direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp examination, measurement of uncorrected visual acuity and visual acuity with current glasses, lensometery of the previous glasses, refraction with and without the use of cycloplegic and determining the best corrected visual acuity. All slit lamp examinations were performed by the same ophthalmologist. Data were analyzed with SPSS16 with use of Chi - Square test with Pvalue <0.05.
RESULTS
In this study 446 patients were examined that 54.7% were male. Mean age of study population was 62+-9.3 years old. 96.4% of participants had refractory disorder. Prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were 33.6%, 45.9% and 16.8% respectively. Of patients 17.4% had diabetes. Of participants 28.9% had temporal headache, 37% red eye, 41.2% flashing, 27.3% and 28% had dryness and discharge of eye respectively. 31.1% of participants had eyelide problem, 4.7% Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) and 3.8% had family history of CVD. Of total 4.5% had glaucoma, 3.3% macular degeneration and 21.7% had hypertension. 0.6% of population had macular degeneration, 0.4% of population had glaucoma Of 892 eyes (446 individuals), 36.2% had visual acuity less than 7/10, 1.7% light perception (LP) and 0.22% no light perception (NLP) and 2.7% finger count.
CONCLUSION
Refractory errors, cataract and amblyopia were most important eye disorders in older people in Qazvin.
背景
视力损害是老年人面临的主要公共卫生问题之一。
目的
本研究旨在确定伊朗加兹温省中年和老年人群中视力损害的患病率。
方法
在这项横断面研究中，采用简单随机抽样方法，纳入了2010年转诊至伊朗加兹温省阿维森纳医院眼科门诊的446名50岁以上患者。参与者首先填写一份包含25个关于人口统计学和既往病史问题的问卷，然后由眼科医生进行检查。这些检查包括直接和间接检眼镜检查、裂隙灯检查、测量未矫正视力和戴当前眼镜时的视力、测量之前眼镜的镜片度数、使用和不使用睫状肌麻痹剂进行验光以及确定最佳矫正视力。所有裂隙灯检查均由同一位眼科医生进行。使用SPSS16软件，采用P值<0.05的卡方检验对数据进行分析。
结果
本研究共检查了446名患者，其中54.7%为男性。研究人群的平均年龄为62±9.3岁。96.4%的参与者患有屈光不正。近视、远视和散光的患病率分别为33.6%、45.9%和16.8%。17.4%的患者患有糖尿病。28.9%的参与者有颞部头痛，37%有眼红，41.2%有闪光感，27.3%和28%分别有眼干和眼分泌物。31.1%的参与者有眼睑问题，4.7%有色觉缺陷（CVD），3.8%有CVD家族史。在所有患者中，4.5%患有青光眼，3.3%患有黄斑变性，21.7%患有高血压。0.6%的人群患有黄斑变性，0.4%的人群患有青光眼。在892只眼（446人）中，36.2%的视力低于7/10，1.7%有光感（LP），0.22%无光感（NLP），2.7%能数指。
结论
屈光不正、白内障和弱视是加兹温省老年人最重要的眼部疾病。
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