Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), INSERM (U557), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (U1125), Bobigny, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Feb;97(2):369-76. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.047993. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
Evidence on the association between Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and cognition is presently inconsistent.
The aims of this study were to investigate the association between midlife MedDiet adherence and cognitive performance assessed 13 y later among participants in the SU.VI.MAX (Supplementation with Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants) study and to test the hypothesis of effect modification by occupation and education as cognitive reserve markers.
A Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) were estimated by using repeated 24-h dietary records (1994-1996) from 3083 middle-aged subjects. Cognitive performance was assessed in 2007-2009 by using 6 neuropsychological tests, and a composite score was built. Subgroup analyses were performed according to occupational and educational status. Mean differences and 95% CIs were estimated through covariance analyses.
After potential confounders were accounted for, no association between MDS or MSDPS and cognitive scores was detected except for a lower phonemic fluency score with decreasing MSDPS (P = 0.048) and a lower backward digit span score with decreasing MDS (P = 0.03). In turn, a low MDS was related to a lower composite cognitive score in the small subsample of manual workers (n = 178, P-interaction = 0.04) who could be hypothesized to have low cognitive reserve. MedDiet adherence did not interact with educational level in relation to cognitive function.
This study did not find support for a beneficial effect of MedDiet adherence on cognitive function, irrespective of educational level, which is the strongest indicator of cognitive reserve.
目前，关于地中海饮食（MedDiet）依从性与认知之间的关联的证据尚不一致。
本研究旨在调查 SU.VI.MAX（补充维生素和矿物质抗氧化剂）研究中参与者中年期地中海饮食依从性与 13 年后认知表现之间的关系，并检验职业和教育作为认知储备标志物的作用修饰假设。
使用 3083 名中年参与者的重复 24 小时膳食记录（1994-1996 年），估计地中海饮食评分（MDS）和地中海式饮食模式评分（MSDPS）。认知表现于 2007-2009 年通过 6 项神经心理学测试进行评估，并构建了一个综合评分。根据职业和教育状况进行亚组分析。通过协方差分析估计均值差异和 95%置信区间。
在考虑了潜在的混杂因素后，除了随着 MSDPS 的降低而出现的语音流畅性评分较低（P = 0.048）和随着 MDS 的降低而出现的倒背数字跨度评分较低（P = 0.03）外，MDS 或 MSDPS 与认知评分之间没有关联。相反，在体力劳动者的小样本中（n = 178，P 交互作用= 0.04），低 MDS 与较低的综合认知评分相关，这些体力劳动者可能被假设为认知储备较低。地中海饮食依从性与教育水平在认知功能方面没有相互作用。
本研究未发现地中海饮食依从性对认知功能有益的证据，无论教育水平如何，教育水平是认知储备的最强指标。
