State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):a012575. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012575.
Endogenous and exogenous factors constantly challenge cellular DNA, generating cytotoxic and/or mutagenic DNA adducts. As a result, organisms have evolved different mechanisms to defend against the deleterious effects of DNA damage. Among these diverse repair pathways, direct DNA-repair systems provide cells with simple yet efficient solutions to reverse covalent DNA adducts. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the field of direct DNA repair, namely, photolyase-, alkyltransferase-, and dioxygenase-mediated repair processes. We present specific examples to describe new findings of known enzymes and appealing discoveries of new proteins. At the end of this article, we also briefly discuss the influence of direct DNA repair on other fields of biology and its implication on the discovery of new biology.
内源性和外源性因素不断挑战细胞 DNA，产生细胞毒性和/或诱变 DNA 加合物。因此，生物体已经进化出不同的机制来抵御 DNA 损伤的有害影响。在这些不同的修复途径中，直接 DNA 修复系统为细胞提供了简单而有效的方法来逆转共价 DNA 加合物。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了直接 DNA 修复领域的最新进展，即光解酶、烷基转移酶和双加氧酶介导的修复过程。我们提供了具体的例子来描述已知酶的新发现和新蛋白质的诱人发现。在本文的最后，我们还简要讨论了直接 DNA 修复对生物学其他领域的影响及其对新生物学发现的意义。
