Kasprowicz Andrzej, Owczarek Magdalena M, Miedzobrodzki Jacek, Białecka Anna
Centrum Badań Mikrobiologicznych i Autoszczepionek im. Jana Bobra, w Krakowie.
Med Dosw Mikrobiol. 2012;64(3):203-10.
Propionibacterium acnes is dominating group of resident bacteria in skin biocenosis. These bacteria participate in autosterilisation of skin with the process of decomposition of triglycerides into free fatty acids and by keeping the pH of skin on the level 5.5. When the process goes out of control the excess of fatty acids in sebaceous glands leads to necrosis and inflammation. Apart of the presence on the skin P acnes also are present in mucous membranes of intestinal tract, eyes, internal ears channels, and in upper respiratory tracts. Traditionally they are regarded as anaerobes, but they tolerate oxygen atmosphere and are resistant to phagocytosis, surviving even in macrophages. These bacteria produce a number of enzymes and proinflammatory factors activating monocytes, stimulating mitogenic activity of lymphocytes T. According to common opinion they are responsible for disease acne vulgaris, but there are also researchers claiming their low pathogenicity. The list of the P acnes related diseases is not short, some of these diseases may be facilitated by predisposing factors as surgery interventions, diagnostic, or cosmetic procedures. The aim of the study was to compare standard biochemical analysis of P acnes strains to genotypic typing basing on the results from MP-PCR analyses. Relations of hemolysis activity to biochemical types or genetic types were also analysed.
The analysis of 66 P acnes strains isolated from skin lesions of patients with acne vulgaris was performed. A collection of the strains was analysed biochemically according to Pulverer, Sourek and Hoffler method modified by Kasprowicz, and typed genetically by MP-PCR method. Relations of biochemical and genetic types to beta-hemolysis of strains were studied.
Dominating biochemical type was type number I grouping 79% of all isolates, and dominant genotype was A which was detected in 75% of all collected strains. Beta-hemolysis was a feature present in 34% of strains, more frequently in type I (40%) than in type II (12%). beta-hemolysis was present only in A-genotype strains, but A-genotype by itself does not determine that reaction: 53% of A-genotype strains does not exhibit beta-hemolysis. All type I strains represent A-genotype. Type II was genotypicaly differentiated: all genotypes A, A', B, and C were present.
The results obtained show genotypic heterogenity of P acnes strains and relations to biochemical types. Hemolysis was detected independently to biotype or genotype representation. The results confirm biochemical and genetic heterogenities of P acnes, but the observations also indicate necessity of further microbiological-molecular investigation of that bacteria group using other molecular techniques to the study.
痤疮丙酸杆菌是皮肤生物群落中主要的常驻细菌群体。这些细菌通过将甘油三酯分解为游离脂肪酸的过程以及将皮肤pH值维持在5.5的水平来参与皮肤的自净过程。当这个过程失去控制时，皮脂腺中过量的脂肪酸会导致坏死和炎症。除了存在于皮肤上，痤疮丙酸杆菌还存在于肠道、眼睛、内耳通道和上呼吸道的黏膜中。传统上它们被视为厌氧菌，但它们能耐受氧气环境且对吞噬作用有抵抗力，甚至能在巨噬细胞中存活。这些细菌产生多种酶和促炎因子，可激活单核细胞，刺激T淋巴细胞的有丝分裂活性。普遍认为它们是寻常痤疮的病因，但也有研究人员称其致病性较低。与痤疮丙酸杆菌相关的疾病并不少见，其中一些疾病可能会因手术干预、诊断或美容程序等诱发因素而加重。本研究的目的是将痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株的标准生化分析与基于MP-PCR分析结果的基因分型进行比较。还分析了溶血活性与生化类型或基因类型之间的关系。
对从寻常痤疮患者皮肤病变中分离出的66株痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株进行了分析。根据Kasprowicz修改的Pulverer、Sourek和Hoffler方法对菌株进行生化分析，并通过MP-PCR方法进行基因分型。研究了生化和基因类型与菌株β溶血之间的关系。
占主导地位的生化类型是I型，占所有分离株的79%，主导基因型是A，在所有收集的菌株中检测到75%。β溶血是34%的菌株所具有的特征，在I型（40%）中比在II型（12%）中更常见。β溶血仅存在于A基因型菌株中，但A基因型本身并不能决定这种反应：53%的A基因型菌株不表现出β溶血。所有I型菌株均代表A基因型。II型在基因上有所分化：所有基因型A、A'、B和C均有出现。
所获得的结果显示了痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株的基因异质性及其与生化类型的关系。溶血的检测与生物型或基因型表现无关。结果证实了痤疮丙酸杆菌的生化和基因异质性，但观察结果也表明有必要使用其他分子技术对该细菌群体进行进一步的微生物分子研究。
