Psychology Department, University of Haifa, 7080 Rabin Complex, 31905, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
Exp Brain Res. 2013 Sep;229(3):475-84. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3370-7. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
Human motivation is sensitive to value-to the outcomes of actions. People invest mental and physical resources for obtaining desired results or for stopping and reversing undesired ones. Accordingly, people's motivation is sensitive to information about their standing in relation to outcome attainment ('outcome feedback'). In this paper, we argue and present the first evidence for the existence of another motivational sensitivity in humans-a sensitivity to our degree of control on the environment and hence to information about that control ('control feedback'). We show that when actions have even trivial and constant perceptual effects, participants' motivation to perform is enhanced. We then show that increased motivation is not because more information about task performance is available and that motivation is increased only in conditions in which control over the effects can be firmly established by the mind. We speculate on the implications for understanding motivation, and potentially, physical and mental health.
人类的动机对价值（即行为结果）敏感。人们投入心理和生理资源以获得期望的结果，或阻止和扭转不期望的结果。因此，人们的动机对有关其在结果获得方面的地位的信息敏感（“结果反馈”）。在本文中，我们提出并提供了人类存在另一种动机敏感性的第一个证据——对我们对环境的控制程度以及因此对有关控制的信息的敏感性（“控制反馈”）。我们表明，当动作甚至具有微小而恒定的感知效应时，参与者执行动作的动机就会增强。然后，我们表明，动机增强不是因为有更多的关于任务表现的信息可用，并且只有在可以通过思维牢固确立对效应的控制的条件下，动机才会增强。我们推测了这对理解动机，以及潜在的身心健康的意义。
