University of Alabama School of Nursing, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2013 Jan-Feb;24(1 Suppl):S40-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2012.03.006.
In addition to the immune system, HIV affects the nervous system and the brain, producing neurological sequelae, often resulting in forgetfulness and cognitive problems. These problems can compromise medication adherence, interfere with instrumental activities of daily living such as driving and managing finances, increase dependency, and decrease quality of life. Cognitive problems emerge due to a variety of reasons; likewise, several evidence-based methods to mitigate causes and compensate for cognitive problems can be used alone or in combination. This article focuses on nonpathological, nondementia forgetfulness and cognitive problems. However, dementia must be considered and assessed as measured by marked cognitive decline over time. Methods for assessing and measuring forgetfulness and cognitive problems are provided. In addition, methods of treating nonpathological cognitive problems are provided, ranging from Recommended for Practice to Not Recommended for Practice. A case study is presented to demonstrate how to implement recommended treatment options.
除了免疫系统外，HIV 还会影响神经系统和大脑，产生神经后遗症，常导致健忘和认知问题。这些问题可能会影响患者对药物的依从性，干扰驾驶和管理财务等日常活动，增加依赖性，并降低生活质量。认知问题的出现有多种原因；同样，可以使用多种基于证据的方法来单独或联合减轻病因和补偿认知问题。本文重点介绍非病理性、非痴呆性健忘和认知问题。但是，必须考虑到痴呆症，并根据随着时间推移认知能力明显下降进行评估。本文提供了评估和测量健忘和认知问题的方法。此外，还提供了治疗非病理性认知问题的方法，从推荐实践到不推荐实践。通过一个案例研究来演示如何实施推荐的治疗选择。
