Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
Nanoscale. 2013 Feb 7;5(3):845-59. doi: 10.1039/c2nr32867d. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
Cancer has become the leading cause of human death worldwide. There are many challenges in the treatment of cancer and the rapidly developing area of nanotechnology has shown great potential to open a new era in cancer therapy. This article, rather than being exhaustive, focuses on the striking progress in the drug delivery nanosystems (DDNS) for cancer therapy and selects typical examples to point out the emerging mode of action of DDNS from our perspective. Among the outstanding advances in DDNS for cancer therapy is the development of "multicomponent delivery systems", "multifunctional nanocarriers" and "multistage delivery systems". However, these represent only one aspect of DDNS research. In addition, nature is the best teacher and natural evolution pressure has meant that virions conform to the "multitarget, multistage and multicomponent" (3M) mode of action. Amazingly, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used for over 4000 years in China, also displays the same mode of action. Integrating the previous notable progress in nanoparticle technology, learned from the building mode of natural virions and the action concept of TCM, we propose an integrity-based 3M mode DDNS for cancer therapy: multitarget, multistage and multicomponent, which are not fragmented parts but an interconnected integrity. Based on the physiological multitarget and the pharmacokinetic multistage, multicomponent DDNS are rationally designed, where different components with individual specific functions act in a synergistic manner against each target at each disposition stage to maximize the targeted delivery effectiveness. In this article, we introduce each component of 3M DDNS in detail and describe some typical cases to realize the tumor-homing purposes.
癌症已成为全球人类死亡的主要原因。癌症的治疗存在诸多挑战，而快速发展的纳米技术领域显示出了在癌症治疗中开辟新纪元的巨大潜力。本文重点关注癌症治疗用药物递送纳米系统（Drug Delivery Nanosystems，DDNS）的显著进展，选择典型示例，从我们的角度指出 DDNS 的新兴作用模式。在癌症治疗用 DDNS 的突出进展中，有“多组分递药系统”“多功能纳米载体”和“多阶段递药系统”的发展。然而，这些只是 DDNS 研究的一个方面。此外，大自然是最好的老师，自然进化的压力意味着病毒符合“多靶标、多阶段和多组分”（3M）作用模式。令人惊讶的是，在中国已使用了 4000 多年的传统中药（TCM）也显示出相同的作用模式。整合纳米技术的先前显著进展，借鉴病毒的构建模式和 TCM 的作用概念，我们提出了基于整体性的 3M 模式的癌症治疗用 DDNS：多靶标、多阶段和多组分，它们不是碎片化的部分，而是相互关联的整体性。基于生理上的多靶标和药代动力学上的多阶段，多组分 DDNS 被合理设计，不同具有个体特定功能的组分在每个处置阶段针对每个靶标协同作用，以最大限度地提高靶向递药效果。在本文中，我们详细介绍了 3M DDNS 的每个组成部分，并描述了一些典型案例，以实现肿瘤归巢的目的。
