Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:317-35. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114402. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
Chronic diseases are increasingly becoming a health burden in lower- and middle-income countries, putting pressure on public health efforts to scale up interventions. This article reviews current efforts in interventions on a population and individual level. Population-level interventions include ongoing efforts to reduce smoking rates, reduce intake of salt and trans-fatty acids, and increase physical activity in increasingly sedentary populations. Individual-level interventions include control and treatment of risk factors for chronic diseases and secondary prevention. This review also discusses the barriers in interventions, particularly those specific to low- and middle-income countries. Continued discussion of proven cost-effective interventions for chronic diseases in the developing world will be useful for improving public health policy.
慢性病在中低收入国家日益成为健康负担，给扩大干预措施的公共卫生工作带来压力。本文综述了在人群和个体层面干预的现状。人群层面的干预措施包括正在努力降低吸烟率、减少盐和反式脂肪酸的摄入，以及增加久坐人群的体力活动。个体层面的干预措施包括控制和治疗慢性病的危险因素和二级预防。本文还讨论了干预措施中存在的障碍，特别是针对中低收入国家的障碍。继续讨论发展中国家慢性病经证实具有成本效益的干预措施，将有助于改善公共卫生政策。
