McGill University, Institute for Health and Social Policy, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:355-72. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114358. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
Globalization has transformed the workplace at the same time that increasing numbers of children live in families in which all adults work for pay outside the home. Extensive research evidence demonstrates the importance of parental involvement in the early years of a child's life. Yet, parents caring for young children may face challenges in fulfilling both work and family responsibilities under current labor force conditions. In this article, we review the evidence on the importance of parental care for meeting young children's routine care needs, preventive health care needs, and curative medical treatment requirements. We examine the evidence regarding the impact of four policies in particular on young children's health and development: parental leave, breastfeeding breaks, early childhood care and education, and leave for children's health needs. Last, we examine the availability of these policies worldwide and discuss the potential economic implications.
全球化改变了职场，与此同时，越来越多的孩子生活在父母双方都外出工作的家庭中。大量研究证据表明，父母在孩子早年生活中参与的重要性。然而，照顾幼儿的父母可能会在当前劳动力条件下面临兼顾工作和家庭责任的挑战。在本文中，我们回顾了父母照顾对于满足幼儿日常护理需求、预防保健需求和治疗医疗需求的重要性的证据。我们研究了四项政策对幼儿健康和发展的影响的证据：父母休假、母乳喂养休息、幼儿保育和教育以及儿童健康需求休假。最后，我们检查了这些政策在全球范围内的可用性，并讨论了潜在的经济影响。
