Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:435-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143134. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
Several important paradigm shifts have occurred in the field of schizophrenia treatment, including an increased focus on early detection, the development of preemptive interventions, and the view of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by decreased efficiency and abnormal connectivity in cortical and subcortical neural networks. In this review, we briefly describe some of the neural impairments that contribute to the development of schizophrenia, with an emphasis on the impact of stress and trauma on cognitively vulnerable neural systems. We then present current data on two behavioral interventions that target these critical risk factors and that aim to preempt the onset of schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals or improve the clinical course in recent-onset schizophrenia: cognitive therapy and computerized cognitive training.
精神分裂症治疗领域发生了几个重要的范式转变，包括更加注重早期发现、先发干预的发展，以及将精神分裂症视为一种神经发育疾病，其特征是皮质和皮质下神经网络的效率降低和连接异常。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了一些导致精神分裂症发展的神经损伤，重点介绍了压力和创伤对认知脆弱性神经系统的影响。然后，我们介绍了目前针对这些关键风险因素的两种行为干预措施的数据，这些措施旨在预防脆弱个体的精神分裂症发作，或改善近期发病的精神分裂症的临床病程：认知疗法和计算机化认知训练。
